Serum Therapy. • 463 



been troatcl nndcr similar eouditions subeutaiieonsly only two remained alive. 

 Villar treate<l two horses successfully in this manner (3-8 cc. of serum were injected 

 into the brain substance through an opening in the frontal bone). Sendrail and 

 Cullie on the other hand saw the fatal termination in two cases hastened, while 

 with the injection of serum into the vertebral canal they obtained a more satisfactory 

 result (30 cc. injected through the lumbo-sacral articulation on two consecutive days). 



Kiister and Sawanura claim a special action from endoneural serum injections. 

 This method is recommended as prophylactic, especially in those cases in which 

 muscular tissue has become injured, therapeutically in tetanus aseendens, while 

 not in tetanus descendens; nevertheless subcutaneous and intravenous serum in- 

 jections should also be used. .... ^. , , , 



Hartenstein and Trelut obtain good results from the injection ot blood serum 

 from a horse affected with tetanus; the authors however observed a pronounced 

 ao-gravation after transfusion of the blood of an immunized horse, while Pilz found 

 the blood serum of horses that had recovered from tetanus to be without any effect. 



Treatment with Brain Emulsion. After Wasserniann found that a mixture 

 of brain substance of rabbits and toxin in certain proportions is not poisonous, 

 and in consideration of Ehrlich's theorv that the antitoxins are nothing more than 

 receptors thrown off from the ganglion cells, Fiebiger undertook curative experiments 

 at the Vienna clinic, under the direction of Schindelka with the injection of brain 

 substance. In the course of 15 months 20 horses affected with tetanus, but excluding 

 the very severe cases, each received subcutaneous injections of one lamb's brain 

 finely emulsified in phvsiological salt solution. Of these 20 horses eight (40%) 

 died. In most cases extensive and slowly healing abscesses developed at the point 

 of injection. Schuemacher also reports favorable results from this treatment. 



Literature. Friedberger, D. Z. f. Tm., 1879, VT. 3.3 (Lit.); 1884, X, 27 

 fLit).— Carle & Eattone, Giorn. di Torino, 1884.— Nicolaier, D. m. W., 1884, 842; 



V A., 1892, CXXYTTT, 2.— Nocard, Eec, 1887, 617.— Kitasato, Z. f. Hyg., 1889, 

 VII 22.5- 1892 XI, 2.56.^ — v. Behring, D. m. W., 1903, 617. — v. Behring & Kitasato, 

 D m W 1890 1113.— Kitt, Monh., 1890, I, 214 (Review).— Tizzoni & Cattani, 

 Cbl f Bakt 1891, IX, 189.— Vaillard &- Vincent, A. P., 1891, 623.— v. Behring, 

 Das Tetanusheilserum, Leipzig, 1892.— Vaillard, A. P., 1892, 224.— Schiitz, Z f. 

 Hvff 1892 XTI .58.— Roux & A^aillard, A. P., 1893, 65.— Dreymann, Monh., 1894, 



Y 19 _Dieudonne, Eec, 1895, 279; 1896, 280; 1909, 433.— Eoux & Borrel, A. P., 

 1898 2^5 —Fiebiger, Z. f. Tm., 1902, VI, 161.— Lingelsheim, Hb. d. p. M., 1903, 

 II 567 ~ 1904 IV 983 (Lit.).— Vincent, A. P., 1904, XVIII, 450; Bull, de I'Acad., 

 1907 LVIII, '233.— Hoffmann, Z. f. Vk., 1905, XVIT, 118.— Tiberti, Cbl. f. Bakt., 

 1905' XXXVIII, 307 (Lit. on Tetanus Toxin).— Tarozzi, ibid., 1906, XL, 305. — 

 Mayr, B. t. W., 1907, 931.— Eomer, Z. f. Immf., 1909, I, 363. 



2. Rabies. Lyssa. 



{Canine madness, hydro phobia; WufliranMeit, Tollwut, {Ger- 

 man]; Rage [French']; Rahhia [Italian].) 



RaMes is an acute, contagious, and almost without excep- 

 tion, fatal infectious disease, tlie clinical picture of which is 

 characterized hv disturbed consciousness, increased nerve irri- 

 tability and bv subsequent svmptoms of paralysis. The disease 

 is usually transmitted by the bite of an affected animal to 

 other animals as well as man. The infectious virus is a filterable 

 microorganism. 



Historical. The disease and its contagious nature, as well as the 

 danger connected with the bites of mad dogs, have been well known 

 since the time of Aristotle, but up to the most recent times, there 

 has been a certain belief in its spontaneous development. In fact, it 

 was supposed that hot feed, lack of drinking water, unsatisfied sexual 

 desire, and violent nervous excitement, might cause the disease. By 



