480 Rabk's 



l)y fright and unrest, which appear on the slightest provocation. 

 They change their jjosition every moment, paw with their 

 feet, gnaw at the manger and other objects near them, and 

 show staring, restless eyes with dilated pupils; at times, tlie}^ 

 draw the lips convulsively up and backward so that the teeth 

 are visible, while foamy saliva runs from the corners of the 

 mouth. 



With increasing restlessness some horses also show an ag- 

 gressive behavior toward other horses or human beings, and 

 still more toward dogs, which they attempt to bite and kick. 

 They will furiously attack a stick held before them, and some- 

 times in biting the manger will show strength enough to l)reak 

 several teeth and even the neck of the inferior maxillary l)one. 

 Many patients do not spare their own bodies, but tear off large 

 pieces of the skin; as a rule, however, suclvrage is mot': observed. 

 More frequently attacks of spasms lasting 1 to 2 minutes are 

 observed in the masseter and respiratory muscleii. Further 

 the appearance of increased sexual desire causes male animals 

 to have erections and to eject semen involuntarily, while mares 

 behave as when in heat ; in connection herewith is also observed 

 a frequent desire to urinate. (Golire once found a temperature 

 of 39.3° C.) 



Soon the sj^nptoms of paralysis become marked, first in the 

 region of the nerves originating from the medulla ol)longata. On 

 this account swallowing is difficult and liquids are returned from 

 the mouth through the nostrils. Owing to the change of taste, 

 the animals eat nothing or at best only indigestil)le substances, 

 sometimes even their OAvn excrements. They will smell of the 

 water offered them, but will not drink it, and with raised head 

 draw the lips upward as if attempting to yawn. When neigh- 

 ing, a hoarseness of the voice is observed. 



Later the symptoms of excitement 1)ecome less frequent and 

 less severe, while indications of severe paralysis develop, as a 

 result of which the patients fall to the ground and finally suc- 

 cumli on the 3rd or 4th day of the disease, in most cases with 

 violent convulsions. 



Darmagnac observed ascending paresis in one ease 4 months after 

 a ])ite in one of the hind legs. First there was paresis of the same 

 extremity, then paraparesis with hyperesthesia of the hind quarters, 

 and finally, paralysis of the nuiseles of deglutition ; the animal died 

 after 3 days of sickness. 



Cattle also show unrest and excitement as well as an aggres- 

 sive tendency, which behavior, so uncommon except in cattle 

 raised in the open, at once attracts the attention of the attendant. 

 In such cases the animals remain standing at one place, at times 

 drawing the upper lip backward, tearing up the earth with feet 

 and horns, looking around with the head high, the eyes wild or 

 staring, and finally furiously attacking the other animals of the 



