Methods of Vaccination. 491 



triturating it with sterilized bouillon into an emulsion and then injecting 

 it subeutaneously in the abdominal region. The first injection is made 

 with the spinal cord dried for 14 days, and then the substance dried 

 one day less is injected at first every half a. day, and later every day, 

 until finally the cord dried for only 3 or even 2 days is injected. The 

 inoculation with cord dried 5, 8, and 2 days is repeated once or twice, 

 especially in the case of wounds from bites on the head. (Pflanz in 

 practice applied this method with favorable results on a dog.) 



II. Protective Vaccination with Attenuated Virus. (Method of 

 Hogyes.) Hogyes prepared from virulent spinal cords of rabbits by 

 trituration with sterilized phvsiological solution of sodium chloride, 

 emulsions of different concentrations (1/5000, 1/2000, 1/500, 1/200, 

 1/100, 1/10) and injected them subeutaneously every second hour from 

 the weakest to the strongest. Dogs thus treated later resisted bites from 

 rabid animals as well as the subdural injection of fixed virus or street 

 virus, and moreover this method is effective after the appearance of the 

 disease. (This also proves that not the strength, but the amount of the 

 vaccine is of most importance, and that with the Pasteur protective 

 vaccination, not an attenuation, but rather a reduction of the amount 

 of virus is important.) Since 1895, this method has been exclusively 

 applied at the Budapest Pasteur Institute and also at other places to 

 human beings. 



Hogyes in this way produced immunity in 36 dogs, and in most cases ihe 

 immunity was absolute, "as it also protected the animals against a later subdural 

 infection. He experimented further with 16 other dogs which were infected by 

 bites of rabid dogs; 8 of them were not subjected to treatment, while 8 were 

 inoculated according to the above named method with attenuated virus. Of the 

 former group 5 contracted rabies, while all the animals of the latter group 

 remained alive. 



Kurz & Aujeszky applied the method at a stock farm, where immediately 

 before ?> animals had died from rabies, by injecting 44 colts, 6 of which had 

 wounds of bites on their bodies. The method was as follows: On the first day 

 about 15 cc. of the emulsion 1:2000 were injected, and 2 hours later a similar 

 amount of the emulsion 1:1000; on the second day, about 8-10 cc. of the emulsion 

 1:500, and 2 hours later a similar amount of emulsion 1:300; on the third day 

 8-10 cc. of the emulsion 1:100. After an interval of 5 days the three-days' cycle 

 was repeated in the same manner, and after a further interval of 3 days the colts 

 received 3-5 cc. according to their body weight of the emulsion 1:10. The 

 vaccination had no injurious results for the colts, and none of them later contracted 

 rabies. Aujeszky further vaccinated a pack of hounds in the following way: 

 In the forenoon "of the first day 5 cc. of emulsion 1:5000; in the afternoon, 3 cc. 

 of emulsion 1:3000; in the forenoon of the second day 4 cc. of the latter emulsion, 

 in the afternoon 2.5 cc. of emulsion 1:1000; on the third day, in the forenoon 

 2 cc. emulsion 1:500, in the afternoon 1 cc. emulsion 1:200. The hounds suffered 

 no ill effects from the vaccination. 



III. Protective Vaccination by Intravenous Injection of Cerebral 

 Substance (Galtier's ]\Iethod). Galtier immunized sheep and goats as 

 early as 1885 by injecting saliva or, in another series of experiments, 

 medulla oblongata from rabid dogs into the jugular vein ; the aninials 

 resisted both a subsequent and a previous virulent subcutaneous injec- 

 tion, while the control animals (sheep and rabbits) contracted raliies 

 after a similar infection. Nocard & Roux later ascertained that sheep 

 immunized in this way also resisted the intraocular infection, provided 

 that the protective vaccination was done within 24 hours after the viru- 

 lent infection ; they found further that the immunity lasted at least 9 

 months. The method, applied at the latest 3 to 4 days after the bite, 



