492 Rabies. 



is said to be effective only in ruminants, while it has not proved reliable 

 in horses (Xoeard, Conte) and dogs (Protopopoff'. Helman). "Wysoko- 

 witz has also tried the method on 70 human beings. 



The inoculation is conducted as follows: Pieces of spinal cord frona dogs 

 having died of street rabies are ground up -n-ith sterilized water, and 5-7 cc. of 

 the thin emulsion, filtered through linen cloth, are slowly injected twice in 

 succession into cattle and hordes, and 2-3 ce. into sheep or goats, with an interval 

 of from 6 hours to one day; the emulsion is injected into the jugular vein or one 

 of the ear veins. 



Eeeently Nicolas also found the method efficacious in larger ruminants but 

 without effect in goats, while Forgeot and Raynaud had unfavorable results in 

 cattle (out of 8 vaccinated animals 5 died afterwards from rabies). According 

 to Remlinger and Mustapha-Eft'endi, sheep sometimes die after the vaccination from 

 rabies or an intoxication, while Delannoy states that it is only suitable for large 

 ruminants. 



Babes found that dogs might be immunized against a subsequent virulent 

 infection by subcutaneous injection of cerebral substance of healthy sheep, and 

 also, that an emulsion of virulent cord was made harmless by the addition of 

 normal cerebral substance. Aujeszky, Calabrese, and others, however, did not 

 obtain any immunizing effect from the normal cerebral sulistanee. In agreement 

 herewith, Friedberger & Eisler showed that an emulsion of fixed virus (1:100) 

 is neutralized by 0.005 cc. of serum from a horse which had often lieen treated 

 with such virus, while, on the contrary, normal cerebral substance was not capable 

 of alisorbing the proved antirabic substance from the immune serum. Recently, 

 Fermi expressed the opinion that normal nerve substance possesses immunizing 

 properties, and he succeeded in immunizing rodents per o-s; Kraus and Fukuhara, 

 however, could not confirm the results of these experiments, as they proved that 

 normal nerve substances are not able to produce antirabic substances in animals 

 treated with them. 



Immunizing experiments with liver tissue and bile (Marx) have not produced 

 good results, but Protopopoff succeeded in immunizing dogs both against subsequent 

 and previous infection by means of subcutaneous or intravenous injection of virulent 

 cerebral substance which had been kept in glycerin for a long time (30 to 60 days). 



Protopopoff and Helmann immunized dogs, sheep and goats, and Marx im- 

 munized rabbits and dogs by intraperitoneal injections of relatively large amounts 

 of virulent cerebral tissue. Marx believes, however, that only fixed virus immunizes 

 in this manner. The immunity is obtained after 12 to 14 days and lasts from 

 6 to 11 months. 



IV. Serum Immunizaion. Babes & Lepp found that blood serum 

 from dogs which had been made immune against rabies by repeated 

 vaccination with rabies virus protects dogs against the subdural infec- 

 tion, when subcutaneously injected with doses of 5-10 cc. Later, Tiz- 

 zoni and Centanni prepared an effective serum by successive immuniza- 

 tion of sheep, 1.0 cc. of which protects 25 kg. of body-weight of rabbits 

 against the effect of street rabies virus, and in vifro makes 800-1600 g. 

 of virulent cerebral substance harmless. According to their opinion, 

 the dried serum keeps unchanged for a long time, and is effective both at 

 the beginning and at a later stage of incubation, immediately before the 

 appearance of the first symptoms. Recently, however, Kraus & Fuku- 

 hara found by numerous experiments that serum obtained from such 

 sheep, dogs and horses may destroy the rabies virus by direct contact, 

 but that neither a preventive nor a curative application has any pro- 

 tective action of any kind. 



Tn order to obtain an active immunity, Eemlinger repeatedly in- 

 jected sheep with a mixture of fixed virus and immune serum with good 

 results, and Schiirer succeeded in protecting dogs against intramuscular 

 and natural infection by a single subcutaneous injection of a similar 

 mixture, while Marie obtained effective immunity against the subdural 

 infection of dogs by subcutaneous injection, at first, of a 20 cc. mixture 

 of virus and serum, and, 2 Aveeks later, of 12-20 cc. of fixed virus. Rem- 



