Oeeurrence. 503 



harbor germs of tuberculosis has a basis of fact. On the other hand Ostertag, basing 

 his estimate upon personal experience in Northern Germany and in the region 

 surrounding Stuttgart, estimates that 25% of all cattle are affected with tuberculosis. 



In France the disease is very prevalent. In several regions (Bretagne, Nivernais, 

 Hautes Vosges, etc.) estimates of veterinarians place the percentage of tuberculous 

 cattle at 30 to 40% or more. In some instances herds that were apparently free 

 from disease showed by the tuberculin test that they contained from 50 to 80% of 

 reactors. Over ten per cent of all cattle in the French Eepublic are claimed to be 

 tuberculous (Nocard & Leclaiuche). In the abattoir La Vilette in Paris the per- 

 centage of tuberculous calves was from 1899 to 1903 reduced from 0.31 to 0.15% 

 (Cesari). Autopsies held on dogs in Alfort in 1900 to 1904 revealed 4.6%, 3%, 

 7.2% and 9.1% respectively, to be tuberculous (Petit). 



In Great Britain Walley found as early as 1879 tuberculosis to be a very 

 prevalent disease among Alderney and Shorthorn cattle. From 1897 to 1899, 4,105 

 or 26.6% of 15,392 cattle that were tested with tuberculin reacted. 



In Austria tuberculosis occurs in all of the Crown Lands. Some abattoir 

 reports, however, show very low percentages of infection. Thus in 1900 lower 

 Austria is credited with 1.4%, upper Austria with 2.9% and the other provinces 

 with 1% of infected animals. In Vienna 1.3 to 1.8%; in Moravia, in the years 

 1896 and 1897, 39.8% of 2,314 tested cattle gave positive reactions and 4.4% 

 doubtful reactions. During the following years tests that were made in Salzburg 

 revealed from 41 to 44% of reactors; in Silesia 25 to 40%; in lower Austria 53.4%; 

 in Gallicia among Polish cattle 14.2% ; among milk cows 60.3% of reactors. 



The slaughter house reports of Budapest in Hungary, give the following 

 exact statistics: 



Cattle : 



Longhorned Improved Calves Buffalo Swine Horses 



Breeds Breeds 



1899 12.2% 13.8% 0.006%, 0.07% 



1901 14.1% 13.9% 0.01 % 0.26% 



1903 15.0% 16.9% 0.01 % 0.07% 2.6 % 



1905 16.6% 21.6%^ 0.03%^ 0.11% 1.42% 



1907 19.8% 25.2% 0.04 % 0.89% 1.41% 



1909 16.8% 21.8% 0.03 % 0.58% 1.53% 



Tuberculin tests conducted on cattle of the colored breeds revealed the following 

 results : 



No. of Herds Cattle under 2i,^ years Cattle over 2^/^ years Herds free 



Tested Reacted Tested Reacted from Tuber- 

 culosis 



1902 34 1723 170= 9.8%, 1871 250 = 13.3% 3 



1903 34 1145 166 = 14.4% 2588 323 = 12.6% 7 



1904 56 2847 251= 8.1% 3639 966 = 26.8% 8 



1905 85 3152 2S5= 9.0% 4404 1033 = 23.4% 22 



1906 93 3859 296= 7.5% 5999 1345 = 16.5% 12 

 1907. 88 2548 256 = 10.0% 4422 760 = 17.1% 20 



According to investigations by Ujhelyi covering 20 estates, 1,517 or 75.36% 

 of 2,013 head of cattle tested, reacted; of 1,495 calves and yearlings tested, 526 

 or 35.18% reacted. On the other hand of 117 herds belonging to peasants of 

 the county of Moson 53 were found free from tuberculosis. Among the remaining 

 herds of this district, of 501 cattle tested 25.7% reacted and of 177 calves and 

 yearlings that were tested only one reacted. The infected herds of these peasants 

 were all located near the larger states from which discarded cattle were occasionally 

 bought. 



In Belgium in 1906 among 2,905 herds that were investigated and of 19,004 

 cattle that were tested, 48.8% reacted. During the year 1900, 10,269 tuberculous 

 cattle were officially condemned and slaughtered. In the Netherlands the large 

 abattoirs revealed from 2 to 13% of all cattle as tuberculous. In Swit7erland 

 statistics show that the percentage is much lower although in seA'eral cantons (Bern, 

 Geneva, Zurich, Winterthur) the percentage in slaughtered cattle is reported to be 

 as high as 19%. Tuberculin tests show that from 40 to 50% of all cattle are 

 tuberculous (Zschokke). 



Denmark was free from tuberculosis at the beginning of the 19th century, 

 but became infected by the importation of Swiss, Holstein and English (Shorthorn) 

 cattle. As a result, the first tuberculin tests made in this country (1893-1894) 

 showed that from 38.5% to 40% of the cattle were tuberculous. The abattoir 



