540 Tuberculosis. 



clieesy or mortar-like consistency. By confluence with otlier 

 similar tumors tliey may become metamorpliosed into fibrous 

 sacks filled with a caseous, caseo-purulent or mortar-like mass. 



Another picture of tuberculosis of the glands is presented 

 by radiating caseation. Here a section of the hard dense gland 

 has the appearance of a section of a radish, with strands radiat- 

 ing in all directions from the center. Cheesy sections alternate 

 with viscid tissue strands (Bongert). In pulmonary tuber- 

 culosis the mediastinal and the peribronchial glands in partic- 

 ular may attain to enormous size (Fig. 82). In alimentary in- 

 fection the retropharyngeal, the mesenteric and the portal 

 glands become similarly enlarged. 



Stroh found the small lymph glands of the nmseles affected in 1.4% of cases 

 in oxen, 3% in bulls, and 22.9% in calves. In cattle the popliteal glands were most 

 frequently affected (27.1%). The prescapular glands were affected in 26.7%f of 

 cases, the precrural glands and the ischial glands in 17.2%- and the axillary glands in 

 only 5.5% of all cases. In calves the percentages were as follows: Prescapular 

 glands 40.8%f, popliteal glands 23.8%f, precrural glands 22.3%:, axillary glands 

 6.9%, ischial glands 6.1%c.. The mammary glands were affected in 1.7% of all 

 tuberculous cows. 



In the course of the digestive tract clieesy nodules and 

 ulcers may occur in the parencliATna of the affected tongue, 

 sometimes just anterior to the eminence of the dorsum (in the 

 tonsils of calves) and in exceptional cases in the oesophagus 

 (May, Nicolas). On the mucous membrane of the small intes- 

 tine, especially the ileum, and in the cecum isolated tubercles 

 as well as ulcers of variable size may be found. For them, 

 also, the infiltrated prominent borders of the ulcers surrounded 

 with tuberculous nodules and the firm base covered with dry, 

 cheesy material, are characteristic. They may extend to the 

 submucosa or to the niuscularis; are often elongated in 

 form and lie at right angles to the long axis of the intestine 

 (belted ulcers). In rare cases similar ulcers are observed 

 in the mucous membrane of the fourth stomach (Walley, Kitt, 

 F. Arloing, Zietschmann. Plate observed one case of fatal 

 hemorrhage from such an ulcer). Johne observed ulceration 

 of the mucous membrane of the abomasum. In exceptional cases 

 the tuberculous process assumes the form of polypous 

 growths on mucous membranes (Johne), or of a swelling with 

 ulcerating surface (such was found in the abomasum by Joest). 



Chaussee describes three forms of intestinal tuberculosis. (1) TTleerating 

 tuberculosis of the mucosa and submucosa, causing necrosis and sloughing. (2) 

 Hypertrophic tuberculosis in which tubercles appear exclusivelj' in the submucosa, 

 the mucosa itself becoming hypertrophied, projecting in the form of a shallow 

 plateau above the surrounding healthy mucosa. (3) The herpetic form of tuber- 

 culosis which occurs exclusively in the mucosa on the surface of which small shallow 

 erosions are found. 



In 1905, 0.45%, of all cattle slaughtered in the German Empire were affected 

 with intestinal tuberculosis. 



The substance of the liver may be dotted with small tuber- 

 cles and cheesy foci or it may contain abscesses as large as 



