682 



Glanders. 



develop that subsequently become milky white. Bouillon is evenly 

 clouded but at a later stage a white, ropy, slimy sediment accumulates 

 on the bottom of the vessel. Milk cultures remain neutral in reaction 

 but cause the medium to coagulate in the course of ten to twelve days. 



Tenacity. The bacilli of gland- 

 ers possess only slight powers of 

 resistance to the influence of external 

 agencies. In clamp media they retain 

 their vitality for 15 to 30 days; in 

 decomposing substances 14 to 24 days 

 (Cadeac and Malet) ; in 30% glycerin 

 they retain their vitality as well as 

 their virulence for 12 days (Galtier), 

 while drying destroys them in 1 to 2 

 weeks, or at the longest in three months 

 (Loeffler) ; sunlight destroys them in 

 24 hours (Sirena & Alessi). Heat at 

 55° C. destroys them in 10 minutes, 

 at 80° C. in 5 minutes. Carbolic acid 

 in solutions of 3 to 5% destroys them 

 in 5 minutes, 1% solutions of per- 

 manganate of potassium in 5 minutes, 

 1:5000 sol. of bichloride of mercury 

 or 0.23% chlorine water (chloride of 

 lime water containing 23% chlorine) 

 in 2 minutes (Loeffler), 3% cresylie 

 acid or lysol solution destroys them 

 rapidly (Xocard), also 5% lime water 

 or 10 % chloride of lime (Jaeger) and 

 oil of turpentine (Galtier). Anti- 

 formin dissolves them in a few min- 

 utes. Cultures are destroyed in en- 

 closures in which 40 gm. of sulphur is 

 burned for every cubic meter of air 

 space (Thoinot). Cold does not affect 

 them, Wladmiroff having found them 

 alive after immersion in liquefied air 

 for 80 minutes. The natural secre- 

 tions of the stomach may sometimes 

 destroy them in 15 hours; as a rule, 

 however, they withstand their action 

 without loss of vitality for more than 

 40 hours (Cadeac & Malet), while 

 they are destroyed in urine in 40 

 hours or less (Nencioni). Secretions 

 or tissues containing virus loi-e their 

 virulence within a few days (Loeffler, 

 Nowikoff). 



Pathogenicity. Subcu- 

 taneous inoculation of a pure 

 culture or administration of 

 the same to the nasal mucous 

 membrane of a horse or ass 

 results in a general febrile 

 , . affection, in the course of 



which small nodules develop at the point of inoculation and 

 subsequently also m more remote regions of the bodv. These 

 nodules ulcerate and the lymph vessels and lymph glands in the 

 neighboring tissues become enlarged, which condition is fol- 

 lowed by rapid emaciation and death. Post-mortem examina- 

 tion reveals similar nodules in the internal organs, especially 



Fig. 114: Potato Cultures of Bacillus 

 mallei. A 4 days, B 8 days of age . 



