688 



Glanders. 



mesentery and the formation of soft nodules varying in size from a 

 pea to that of a hazelnut in the liver and lungs. In one of the horses 

 there were two nodules in the lungs, hyaline, yellowish-red in appear- 

 ance, the size of hens' eggs and one as large as a man's fist. In a 

 horse that had received 1/10 of a needle-loop dose of culture on 14 

 consecutive days, the lungs contained glanders nodules ranging in size 

 from pin head to that of a pea, besides similar lesions in the liver and 

 in two mesenteric glands ; after feeding smaller masses of virus small 

 nodules were found in the lungs. Miessner & Trapp report similar 

 results ol)tained from feeding cultures en masse to three horses. As 

 a matter of fact Sadowski had some time ago demonstrated glanders 

 nodules in the lungs as a result of feeding infectious nasal secretions. 

 Dedjulin, who administered glanders cultures in gelatin capsules to 

 cats per os, found lesions of glanders in the lungs exclusively. Mac- 

 Fadyean found typical lesions of glanders in the lungs of all horses 

 that had been fed potato cultures of glanders bacilli while in one horse 

 the lungs were affected exclusively. Bonome produced nodules in the 

 lungs in a similar manner. Riegler observed, after intestinal infec- 

 tion of three horses, nodules in the lungs and affection of the bronchial 

 glands in every case. In one case the lesions were limited exclusively 

 to these organs while in one of each of the others either the intestine, 

 the mesenteric glands or the liver were also involved. In Hutyra's 

 experiments with 13 horses that had been fed glanders cultures enclosed 

 in gelatin or keratin capsules in doses down to 0.01 gm., providing 

 the animals survived only ten days, this author observed disseminated 

 nodules in the lungs, but in those cases in which the animals were not 

 killed until the end of the third week after infection, there were large 

 typical nodes of glanders of broncho-pneumonic foci. 



According to the experiments referred to there can be no 

 doubt that glanderous infection may proceed from the intestinal 



canal; but it is as yet an open 

 question whether the affection 

 of the lungs is to be looked upon 

 as primary or secondary. While 

 Schuetz defends the position 

 that affection of the lungs is 

 always a sequel to primary in- 

 fection of the mesenteric glands 

 and that primary pulmonary 

 glanders of horses, if it ever 

 occurs at all, is one of the rarest 

 diseases of the horse, all 

 other authors mentioned, except 

 Meissner & Trapp regard pul- 

 monanj glanders of the horse as 

 a primary morbid process. The 

 correctness of this latter view^ 

 is supported by the fact that in 

 those experiments where intes- 

 tinal infection by means of small 

 amounts of virus was successful, the occurrence of rather ex- 

 tensive lesions of the lungs is not attended with changes of the 



Fig. 115. Glanders. Intestinal in- 

 fection with 0,01 g. potato culture. Post- 

 mortem: miliary nodules in the lungs, 

 acute swelling of the lymph glands. 



