696 Glanders. 



posterior sections of the ileum excessively tumefied, while the 

 corresponding visceral peritoneum was raised into flat bossela- 

 tions by the gelatinously infiltrated subserosa. (Vecchia ob- 

 served glanderous nodules and ulcers of the mucous membrane 

 in the cecum in four cases.) 



The spleen and the liver quite frequently contain small 

 hyaline nodules or yellowish-white nodes which are centrally 

 softened and appear lardaceous upon section. More frequently, 

 however, there are yellowish pus foci or mortar-like masses 

 surrounded by a white, tough connective tissue capsule. In 

 much rarer instances similar nodes are found in the kidneys. 

 The testes are more frequently affected. These lesions are 

 rare also in the brain where they occur as gelatinous hyaline 

 or more or less purulent foci. Occasionally the muscles of the 

 body also contain glanderous nodes, in a few cases they have 

 been observed in the muscle substance of tlie heart. 



Among the bones, the ribs are most frequently the seat of 

 morbid changes while the vertebrae or the long bones are rarely 

 affected. Sawed sections show pale yellowish, roundish or 

 irregular cavities or fistulous canals containing a viscous sub- 

 stance, the bone substance in the immediate surroundings show- 

 ing a denser structure. Affection of the ribs may be attended 

 Avitli an ossifying periostitis as a result of which the diseased 

 section becomes enlarged to a remarkable extent, so as to be 

 easily recognized by palpation ; the adjacent pleura is reddish- 

 gray and contains gelatinous granulations. 



The Ijaiiphatic glands in the neighborhood of affected 

 organs are almost always involved; thus in nasal glanders the 

 maxillary glands, in pulmonary glanders the peribronchial 

 glands, in cutaneous glanders or farcy of the extremities the 

 axillary or the inguinal glands, as the case may be, are acutely 

 tumefied and juicy in recent cases, w^hile in chronic cases they 

 are firm and tough, adherent to the overlying skin or surround- 

 ing tissues, and frequently contain small, yellow muco-caseous 

 or purulent foci. 



In horses that have died of acute glanders we find, besides 

 the lesions of a general acute infection (tumefaction of the 

 lymph glands and the spleen, hemorrhages of the serous mem- 

 branes) numerous small nodules and small superficial confluent 

 ulcers on the tumefied and reddened mucous membrane of the 

 respiratory tract, and usually also older lesions of glanders; 

 the lungs contain nodules, catarrhal pneumonic foci and hemor- 

 rhagic infarcts, there are also punctiform hemorrhages in the 

 visceral pleura, miliary nodules in the liver and spleen, fibrino- 

 purulent inflammation of the testes, and finally numerous nodes 

 and ulcers in the subcutaneous and intermuscular connective 

 tissue. 



Statistics on the comparative frequency of the lesions in the various organs 

 that have been published in the more remote past (Eoell, Haubner, Bagge) do not 



