Nasal Glanders. 599 



where they coalesce into large irregular ulcerous surfaces (see 

 Fig. 117 on p. 694 and Plate IV). Among the ulcers, or also 

 in their absence, the regions in question may contain large 

 or small star-shaped, bulging or flat, reddish or white, glisten- 

 ing scars. Isolated ulcers may terminate in such scars where- 

 upon the nasal discharge subsides temporarily or permanently. 

 As a rule, however, exacerbations occur with the s;yTiiptoms 

 just described, or with signs of some other localization. In 

 extensive ulceration of the nasal mucous membrane the alae 

 of the nose and the lip may become swollen and the skin may con- 

 tain nodules as large as peas and which subsequently ulcerate. 

 In exceptional instances a fluctuating abscess approaching the 

 size of a walnut may develop on the nasal mucous membrane and 

 occlude the nasal opening (Spassky). 



The submaxillary glands are always enlarged on the side 

 of the affected nasal cavity. At first the tumor is somewhat 

 painful and indefinitely outlined, but subsequently it becomes 

 painless, firm and knotty. (Fig. 118.) In the beginning the 

 tumor is movable but soon becomes firmly united with the bone, 

 the overlying skin and the surrounding tissues owing to the 

 extension of the inflammatory process, and the overlying skin 

 can then no longer be raised into a fold. Occasionally, and 

 usually simultaneously with the appearance of fresh nodular 

 eruptions on the mucous membrane of the nose, acute inflam- 

 matory symptoms manifest themselves in the tumor, such as 

 increased pain and swelling, but they subside again within a 

 few days. In rare cases a point in the periphery of the tumor 

 undergoes softening, the overlying skin is perforated and a 

 small quantity of viscous, yellowish muco-purulent secretion 

 is discharged, whereupon the borders of the w^ound contract 

 and gradually heal (Trasbot, Chardin). 



Disease of the nasal cavity is frequently also attended by 

 a catarrh of the corresponding conjunctiva. Richter observed 

 a case in which the cornea showed glanderous changes, the 

 external border of the cornea being bluish-red and studded 

 with gray or grayish-yellow nodules ranging in size from a 

 millet seed to that of a pin head; in the course of 1 to 2 days 

 they broke down and formed small ulcers. DeHaan observed 

 an eye affection in a horse that resembled periodical ophthalmia, 

 there was turbidity of the cornea and a tenacious fluid exudate 

 in the anterior chamber. 



In cutaneous glanders nodes and ulcers may develop in 

 the skin or in the subcutaneous connective tissue. The cutaneous 

 nodes, usually as large as peas or beans, soon break open and 

 become converted into ulcers which subsequently either heal 

 or extend into the surrounding tissue by the breaking doAvn 

 of their borders. The subcutaneous nodes usually appear on 

 the extremities, on the sides of the thorax and under the 

 abdomen ; they attain the size of a walnut, are only slightly, if 

 at all painful, may sometimes be fluctuating or surrounded by 



