Treatment. 727 



ing the cheesy nodules of glanders; the diagnosis can, however, only be confirmed 

 definitely by microscopical examination (numerous eosinophile cells in parasitic 

 nodules ! ) . — In botryomycosis and in pneumonomycosis the morbid changes are gen- 

 erally more chronic in character, while the presence of botryomyces or mycelia and 

 other fungi is readily determined by the microscope. — Metastatic pus foci are fre- 

 quently very much like embolic nodules of glanders in their general appearance, 

 especially those of acute glanders, but the absence of more advanced glanderous 

 changes "in the lungs, as well as in other internal organs, is against their glanderous 

 nature (pus bacteria may also be present in broken-down glanderous foci!). Metas- 

 tases of new formations (sarcomata, carcinomata) may be recognized, aside from 

 their characteristic macroscopical appearance on section, by the presence of primary 

 tumors or by histological examination. 



Finally, suspicion of glanders may be aroused in those 

 instances in which new formations (rhinoscleromata, sarcomata, 

 carcinomata, fibrous polyps, etc.) occur on the nasal mucous 

 membrane or when metastases of malignant tumors, particu- 

 larly melanomata, give rise to chronic enlargement of the lymph 

 glands in different regions of the body (Bissonge and Feiler 

 observed the submaxillary glands thus affected). In these cases 

 an exact diagnosis is possible only by careful consideration 

 of the anamnesis or by means of a histological examination 

 of portions of the tumors. Observations of the past have shown 

 that the mallein test gives negative results in these cases. 



Treatment. Since, according to generally accepted princi- 

 ples of sanitary police control evidently glanderous horses must 

 be destroyed at once, successful treatment of this disease is 

 of no practical consequence. But this is true irrespective of 

 this fact since all the many attempts to cure the disease that 

 have been made in the past have proved failures. The internal 

 administration of the most varied medicinal agents has been 

 found just as ineffective as the more recently recommended 

 intratracheal injections of Lugol's solution (Delamotte, 

 Trinchera), even in human medicine favorable results have 

 been obtained only now and then by the repeated cutaneous 

 application of gray mercurial ointment. 



The appearance of local reactions following the injection 

 of mallein has given rise to the belief that repeated injections 

 of this kind would have a healing influence on the glanderous 

 process. Although the healing of ulcers and even definite re- 

 covery from the disease has been observed now and then to 

 follow such treatment (Johne, Helman, Semmer, Pilavios, 

 Choromansky, Sitschew) the possibility of spontaneous recovery 

 in these cases could not be definitely excluded; even if we 

 admitted the possibility, this mode of treatment would hardly 

 be of practical value. 



Immunization. Recovery from this disease does not protect against 

 su1)se(jiient infection, at least not as far as experimental observations 

 on dogs treated with virulent material are concerned (Charrin, Galtier). 

 Experiments made with repeated mallein injections (MacFadyean, 

 Sehindelka) also gave no satisfactory results. 



After Sadowsky had succeeded by the administration of cultures 

 killed at 62° C, in increasing the resisting power of a colt to such 



