730 Glanders. 



Tk. 1889, XX. 425 ; 1895. XXI. 382 ; 1898, XXIV. 1 ; 1908, XXXIV. 74. — Olt, 

 A. F. Tk., 1895, XXI. 352. — Foth, Z. f. Yk., 1892. 169; D. Z. f. Tm., 1894. 

 XIX. 437. — Bass, D. Z. f. Tm., 1893, XIX, 217 (Historical). — Nocard, Bull., 

 1893, 116; 1894, 89. 225. 367; 1896, 196; 1897, 781; 1901, 387; Eec, 1897, 675; 

 1898. 296. — Semmer, D. Z. f. Tm., 1894, XX. 59. — Hutyra & Preisz, D. Z. f. 

 Tm., 1894, XX. 369. — Olt, A. f. Tk., 1895, XXI. 352. — MacFadyeaii, J. of 

 eomp. Path, 1896, IX. 322; 1901, XIV. 265; 1904, XVII. 295. — Wladimiroff, Eec, 

 1897, 618; Hb., d. p. M., 1903, II. 707 and 1904. III. 1020 (Lit.); B. t. W., 

 1908. 50. — Jensen, B. t. W., 1901, 621. — Babes, Moyens a comb la Morve, 

 Bucharest 1903. — Bonome, Patogenesi, etc., della Morva chinsa, Padova 1905. — 

 Eiegler, Kongr. Budapest 1905, II. 338. — Schlegel, D. Eotzbekampfnng usw., 

 Stuttgart 1905. — Schniirer, Cbl. f. Bakt., 1905, XXXIX, 180; Z. f. Infkr., 1908. 

 IV. 216; D. t. "W. 1910. 65 (Lit. on Allergy). — Feodorowsky, A. f. Tk., 1905, 

 XXXI. 505. — Schiitz & Miessner, 1905. XXXI. 353. — Hutyra, Z. f. Tm., 1907, 

 XL 1. — Levy, Blumenthal & Marxer, Z. f. Infkrkh., 1907. III. 294 (Lit. on Im- 

 munization). — Sustmann, Diss. Ziirieh 1908 (Lit. on Aggl). — Schulz, A. f. Tk., 

 1908. XXXV. 198 (Lit. on Aggl.). — Schiitz & Schubert, ibid., p. 44. — Pfeiler, 

 ibid., p. 323 (Lit. on Prezip.). — Miessner & Trapp, ibid., p. 85 (Lit. on Patho- 

 genese); Cbl. f. B., 1909. LII. 115 (Lit. on Fixation). 



Glanders in Carnivora. After the ingestion of the meat and the 

 organs of glanderous horses carnivora may also become infected with 

 glanders. In zoological gardens actual enzootics are occasionally ob- 

 served among the animals of the cat species from this cause, while 

 animals of the dog kind are much more rarely the victims of these 

 conditions. 



In such cases the disease usually takes an acute course. As a rule 

 the first symptoms consist of an excessive inflammation of the con- 

 junctivae and of the mucous membranes of the air passages, the eyes 

 and nose discharging at first purulent but later a greenish-gray or 

 bloody secretion. Following this the respiration becomes very labored 

 as a result of excessive swelling of the respiratory mucous membranes. 

 These symptoms become rapidly aggravated, the tissues of the head 

 become swollen, particularly in the nasal region, while metastatic 

 nodules, which soon perforate the skin and form ulcers, make their 

 appearance in the subcutaneous tissue of various regions of the body. 

 Finally diarrhea sets in, whereupon the animal succumbs in the course 

 of the first or second week after the appearance of the first symptoms. 



Glanders in Sheep and Goats. Although slieep are susceptible to 

 experimental infection with glanders they are not known to become 

 infected from natural sources. The destructive disease described by 

 Audum in Livland under the name of glanders, causing the death of 

 60 Merino sheep and the slaughter of 200 exposed animals, is evidently 

 not the morbid process under discussion, experimental infection of dogs 

 as M'ell as of guinea pigs having been unsuccessful. (Hemorrhagic 

 septicemia was formerly described repeatedly as glanders of sheep ; 

 see p. 118.) 



Ercolani, Karsten-Harms, Koch and Trasbot observed glanders 

 in goats in stables where glanderous horses had been kept for a long 

 time. Of morbid symptoms were observed i)articularly profuse purulent 

 nasal discharge and in one instance abscess of the udder. 



Literature. Ercolani, II. med. vet., 1891. — Harms, H., Jhb., 1874. 88. — 

 Trasbot, Ann. d'Alf., 1876. 521. — Audum, Unters. iib. d. Schafrotz, Diss., Dor- 

 pat, 1888. 



