Symptoms, Treatment. yoi 



days, while the others recover after a convalescence of several 

 weeks. In some cases however the affection manifests itself 

 only by fever lasting 2 to 4 days, slight intestinal catarrh, and 

 symptoms of anemia. 



Recovery from the disease conveys to tlie animals an im- 

 munity of long duration against new infections. 



Treatment and Prevention. Leblanc & Savigne recommend 

 for the treatment internal administration of sulphate of quinine 

 (0.5 gni. twice daily), and Glauber salts (30-60. gm.). Prevention 

 consists in avoiding affected pastures. 



Immunization. According to Motas the inoculation of blood con- 

 taining only a few parasites produces a mild affection, after recovery 

 from which the sheep withstand an injection of 16 cc. of virulent blood, 

 5 cc. of which would otherwise be fatal. Blood serum of hyperim- 

 munized animals has no parasiticidal properties (in vitro), and at best 

 protects animals only against mild subsequent infections, while bile 

 is supposed to be effective against simultaneous and also against subse- 

 quent infection. Immunization with a mixture of blood containing 

 parasites and bile, in which the blood corpuscles are destroyed and the 

 piroplasma eliminated, are supposed to produce an active immunity, 

 although no febrile reaction appears either after the inoculation or after 

 a later injection of virulent blood, and no parasites appear in the blood 

 of the immunized animals. 



Literature. Babes, C. R., 1892. CXV. 359. — Bonome, V. A., 1895. CXXXIX. 

 1. — Laveran & Nicolle, Soe. biol. 1899. 800, — Hutcheon, Vet. Eec, 1902. 

 XIV. 629. — Motas, Soc. biol., 1904. 1523; Kon^r. Haag. 1909. — Paschen, Hyg. 

 Rundschau, 1905. XV. 545. ■ — Dschunkowsky & Luhs, Kongr. Haag. 1909. 



(e) Piroplasmosis of Dogs. Piroplasmosis canum. 



{Malignant protozoon jonndice. Malignant malarial fever; 



Bosartige Gelbsucht [German]; Fievre bilieuse, 



Jaunisse maligne [French].) 



History. After Piano & GalH-Valerio (1895) had first discovered the 

 blood parasites in Italy, the disease was observed in South Africa, where 

 it is one of the most dangerous diseases of dogs, by Purvis, Duncan, 

 Hutcheon, Lounsbury and Robertson, in East Africa by Koch in 

 Senegal by Marchoux. In France it was diagnosed by Nocard & Almy 

 at the clinic of Alfort, principally among hunting dogs, and was later 

 studied more closely by Nocard & Motas. In addition to the work of these 

 authors the biology of the parasites was studied by Nuttal & Graham 

 Smith. Kinoshita and Christophers, their artificial cultivation by Kleine 

 and Nuttall, while Nuttall & Hadwen obtained remarkable results with 

 the specific treatment of the disease. 



Occurrence. The disease appears to occur with special 

 frequency in tropical countries, and particularly in imported 

 dogs it runs a very severe course. On the other hand in mod- 

 erate zones it is considerably more rare, and usually runs a 



