868 Progressive Pernicious Anemia. 



Progressive Pernicious Anemia in Cattle. Imniinger (W. f. Tk. 

 1886, 137) described under this name a disease of cattle which first 

 occurred around Kemnath in Bavaria sporadically, but in the years 

 of 1883-1889 in an enzootic form. It aflPected cattle mostly at an age 

 of from % to 2 years. The disease occurred more frequently in stabled 

 animals or in those fed on dry feed than in pastured cattle, or during 

 the time of green feeding. 



The disease commences with a gradual emaciation in spite of 

 satisfactory appetite. From the fourth to tenth week a severe diarrhea, 

 edematous swelling of the dewlap, paleness are observed, and at the 

 same time yelloAvish discoloration of the visible mucous membranes, 

 and of the unpigmented parts of the skin (especially on the ears), 

 tightness of the skin and staggering gait. The pulse is thread-like, 

 accelerated (70-80 per minute), and the systolic sound of the heart 

 is frequently accompanied by a hissing murmur. The blood shows 

 poikilocytosis. In the further course the respiration is accelerated 

 and a cough appears. The temperature usually remains normal, very 

 rarely it rises toward the fatal termination of the disease or it falls 

 on the contrary to subnormal. After 2 to 3 weeks the appetite also 

 becomes suppressed, and sometimes hemorrhages occur in the retina. 

 "With the appearance of the inappetence the loss of strength makes 

 rapid progress, and the animals soon succumb. Sometimes, especially 

 however in older animals or after parturition, the disease takes a rapid 

 course. The mortality amounts to about 50%. 



The autopsy reveals a severe general anemia, here and there 

 hemorrhages in the muscles, moderate hydropic signs, and a reddish 

 discoloration of the otherwise softened bone marrow. 



The treatment consisted in the administration of iron and arsenical 

 preparations (see p. 850). 



Anemia of Sheep and Goats in Punjab. Walker & Baldrey (J. of 

 trop. vet. science, 1906, 410) observed an enzootic affection in sheep 

 and goats which is known to the natives as "Gillar" (swelling of the 

 neck). The disease is confined to the swampy lowlands and the terri- 

 tories of the Punjab, which are frequently flooded, it attains its highest 

 extension during the months of December to February and rapidly dis- 

 appears during the summer months. Its causative agent is supposed 

 to be some parasite, but the investigations carried on in this direction 

 have given negative results. 



The symptoms of the disease are languor, separation from_ the herd, 

 tenacious, sticky nasal discharge and a hoarse cough. After about 

 one week an edematous swelling of the submaxillary space appears, 

 which may in severe cases extend to the breast bone and which usually 

 disappears during the night. After three weeks a bloody diarrhea 

 and increased thirst appear, the visible mucous membranes become pale 

 and yellowish. In the meantime ascites develops. The animals die 

 from loss of strength after 3 to 4 weeks; less frequently death ensues 

 only after six weeks or even later. The mortality amounts to 90%. 



The autopsy reveals, in addition to the manifestations of a severe 

 anemia and ascites, inflammatory areas on the intestinal mucous mem- 

 brane. 



Treatment is without effect ; a change of pasture, with the adminis- 

 tration of iron sulphate and salt is recommended. 



