Etiology, Syiuptoius. 883 



depends on a hj-perplasia of the lymphoid and myeloid tissue, the in- 

 fectious granulomata which in domestic animals are usually of tuber- 

 culous origin and which apparently occur frequently, are also considered 

 as pseudo-leukemia. Thus Nocard succeeded in demonstrating tubercle 

 bacilli in all affected organs of the cases which corresponded to pseudo- 

 leukemia, and accordingly explained also the cases described by him 

 formerly as lymphademia to be tuberculous in nature. The same 

 finding was also claimed by Brentano & Tangel in a case of pseudo- 

 leukemia in man, the authors expressing the view that pseudo-leukemia 

 is probably only a peculiar form of tuberculosis. These processes, how- 

 ever, of course, do not belong etiologically to pseudo-leukemia proper, 

 although clinically and in their gross anatomy they bear a marked 

 resemblance to pseudo-leukemia, the same as the lymphosarcomatous 

 swellings of the glands (Kundrat's lymphosarcoma), which originate 

 from malignant growths, but clinically greatly resemble pseudo-leukemia. 



Symptoms. The symptoms and also the aiitopsj^ findings 

 simulate greatly those of leukemia, w^liile the course is, as a 

 rule, somewhat shorter. The general hyperplasia of the hanpli 

 glands and the indications of a severe anemia strongly suggest 

 pseudo-leukemia, but the nature of the disease can be cleared up 

 only by the examination of the blood. Although the relation 

 of the red to the wdiite blood corpuscles is not found to be greatly 

 changed, the red blood corpuscles may sometimes be distorted 

 and smaller (poikilocytosis) ; at the same time their number 

 is always diminished, wdiile the lymphocytes are always present 

 in a higher percentage than in normal blood. Sometimes fiat, 

 roundish, soft eruptions may develop on the skin, over w^hich 

 the hair falls out (Lienaux). 



Diagnosis. From the standpoint of differential diagnosis, 

 leukemia, tuberculosis, glanders and malignant grow^ths of the 

 lympli glands come into consideration. 



Prognosis. Up to the present time not a single case of 

 recovery has been recorded. 



Treatment. Comparatively the best results w^ere obtained 

 in man from a systematic administration of iron, iodine and 

 arsenical preparations. On suitable occasions the treatment 

 with Rontgen rays may be attempted. 



Literature. Cadeac, J. vet., 1907. 266. — de Does, Holl. Z., 1890. 158.— 

 Dorst, Z. f. Vk., 1906. 437. — Ehrlich, Lazarus & Pinkus, Die Anamie. Wien 1898. 

 — McFadyean, J. of Comp. Path., 1903. 379. — Frohner, Vf. f. Tk., 188.5. 245. — 

 Haffner, Z. f. Flhyg., 1906. XVI. 418. — Hodgson, J. of Comp. Path., 1903. 

 382. — Jaeger, B. t. W., 1907. 563. — Lienaux, Ann., 1901. 478. — Lothes, 

 B. t. W., 1891. 9. — Lustig, Hann., Jhb., 1879/80. 54. — Nocard, De la Leuco- 

 cythamie, 1891 (Lit.) ; Bull., 1885, 45. — Eottke, B. t. W., 1906. 712. — Siedam- 

 grotzky, S. B., 1876. 23. — Zimmermann, Vet., 1898. 473. 



