918 Diabetes Insipidus. 



be used are Tlij-reoidinmn depiiratiim (for dogs 0.2-0.3 to 0.75 

 gm., or 3 times daily 1 dessertspoonful of the 1:1000 solution) ; 

 Thyreoidinum Poelil (3 times daily 0.3-0.6 gm.) ; lodotliyrin 

 (0.1-0.2 gm.). If necessary the fresh thyroid gland of animals 

 killed for food may be employed. If anemia is present this 

 also requires appropriate treatment. 



Literatuio. v.Bergniann, D. m. \V., 1909. Gil. — Krehl, Pathologit'Che 

 Physiol., 1910. 430 (Lit.). — Liithje, Arch. f. exp. Path. u. Phiiik., 1903. L. 169. 

 — V. Noorden, Arztekongr. Budajjest, 1909. — Zinnnernianii, Yet., 1901. 657. 



2. Diabetes Insipidus. 



Diabetes insipidus is a functional disturbance of the kidneys 

 which causes the animal permanently to require large amounts 

 of water for the elimination of the substances that are secreted 

 with the urine, so that it voids large amounts of watery urine 

 free from albumen and sugar and having a low specific gravity. 



According to this definition polyuria (Lauterstall), which is a 

 transitory condition, is not to be classed with diabetes insipidus; 

 excei5t after excessive water drinking, it occurs rather fre(iuently in 

 the most varying diseases in which copious exudates are absor])ed in 

 a short time (pneumonia, pleurisy, etc.), then in certain chronic in- 

 fectious diseases (tuberculosis, glanders) and in certain affections of 

 the central nervous system (tumors, hemorrhages, inflammations). 

 That form of polyuria Avhich occurs in the course of many acute or 

 chronic kidney inflammations, usually together with albuminuria must 

 also be considered onl}' as a partial symptom of the diseases named 

 and can therefore not be classed with diabetes insipidus. The same 

 is true for the transitory polyuria after the ingestion of irritating 

 substances. In contrast to this transitory or symptomatic polyuria, 

 diabetes insipidus occurs as an independent anomaly. 



French medical authors differentiate a diabetes insipidus verus and a diabetes 

 azoturicus. In the former are comprised those forms in which with an increased 

 total amount of urine the solid constituents are not, or only slightly, increased, 

 while in diabetes azoturicus the solid constituents are secreted in amounts far above 

 normal. (If the amount of urine is normal and only the solids are increased, the 

 condition is designated simply as azoturia.) In veterinary medicine exact analytical 

 examinations in this direction have yet to be made. 



Distribution. As an independent disease in the meaning 

 described above diabetes insipidus has been diagnosed with cer- 

 tainty in animals only comparatively rarely (Hayue, Veitli, 

 Moiroud, Dammann, Perrin, Dieckerhoff, Schindelka), but from 

 the point of view of the practician those far more frequent 

 cases may be added to it which, while occurring in consequence 

 of improper feeding, take a chronic course. In veterinary medi- 

 cine diabetes insipidus is generally understood in this sense. 



Etiology. The disease is observed most frequently in 

 horses, especially if these are fed for some time wutli mouldy 

 feed. In this respect oats may be of importance, as it rapidly 

 assumes a peculiar mouldy odor when it is stored up on the 

 ground in large quantities without being turned over from 



