Symptoms. 973 



sick animals (cliickens 0.5-1.0 gm., pigeons 0.40-0.50 gm. daily, 

 broken np in frequently repeated doses and administered for 4-5 

 days). Human physicians observed in acute gout analgesic 

 effect from tincture of colcliicum, and this remedy might also 

 be tried in the articular gout of birds (2-5 drops). 



If symptoms of acute inflammation are present, the affected 

 joints are wrapped in salicylated cotton, which may previously 

 be dipped in alcohol or carbolic acid. Later on the operative 

 removal of the well circumscribed nodes may be attempted, espe- 

 cially of those in the skin and in the subcutaneous connective 

 tissue, or the softened nodes may be opened and curetted, after 

 which the opened joints are irrigated with a weak disinfectant 

 solution. 



It will be best to fatten and kill animals, which are intended 

 for the table, innnediately on the appearance of even moderately 

 severe symptoms. 



Literature. Bannes, vet. Jhb., 1901. 251. — Blanehard, ibid., 1891. 190. — 

 Frie.lberger, W. f. Tk., 1879. 38. — HartensteiD, Vet. Jhb., 1899. 237. — Hebrant 

 & Antoiiie, Ann., 1909. 321. — Johne, S. B., 1877. 89; 1879. 39; 1881. 66. — 

 Kionka, A. f. exp. Path. u. Phmk., 1900. XLIV. 207. — Kitt, Monh., 1893. IV. 

 497. — Klee, Gefliigelkrkh., 1905. 51. — Kossa, Kozl., 1899. III. 65; 1907. VII. 

 101. — Pflug, Mag., 1871. 197. — Siedamgrotzky, S. B., 1872. 89. — Vogt, D. 

 t. W., 1906. 357. 



9. Scurvy. Scorbutus. 



Scurvy is a peculiar form of the hemorrhagic diathesis 

 which is manifested by bleeding and ulceration of the gums, also 

 by hemorrhages in the most various organs of the animals and 

 which, in severe cases, causes debility. 



History. In former times all diseases, in which the tendency to 

 hemorrhage predominated in the clinical picture, were designated 

 generally as scurvy, but more recently the large group of hemorrhagic 

 diatheses was divided into several independent clinical pictures and, 

 in addition to scurvy. Barlow's disease (p. 949), purpura, petechial 

 disease, Werlhof s disease and hemophilia are differentiated. It is not 

 possible to draw sharp distinctions betM^een these diseases and, indeed, 

 several investigators consider scurvy, Barlow's disease and Morbus 

 maculosus Werlhofii only as different manifestations of the same 

 affection. 



Scurvy in man has become known especially since the great wars 

 of the middle ages and since the sailing trips around the world, and 

 at that time it caused occasionally great losses. When the hygienic 

 conditions improved, the number of cases diminished steadily, and 

 at present only sporadic cases are met with, at least in western and 

 central Europe. Veterinarians also paid at first little attention to 

 the differences between the various representatives of the hemorrhagic 

 diathesis, and in consequence cases of purpura, especially in cattle, 

 hogs and dogs, or cases of ulcerative stomatitis in lambs have often 

 been described as scurvy. Some clinical descriptions by Spinola, 

 Siedamgrotzky, Pringle, Arnous and others suggest that scurvy does 



