980 Hematuria. 



conditions in general. Of the diseases of the urinary passages 

 preferably the injuries produced by calculi or by parasites 

 (Eustrongylus gigas) and deep-seated inflammations, also cer- 

 tain new-formations, e. g., angiomata (Schmidt) or papillomata 

 may give rise to hemorrhages. 



Of special importance is the so called hematuria of cattle ("Weiderot"= 

 pasture-red) which is, however, a hemoglobinuria produced by piroplasmas (p. 764) 

 and as such is not included in hematuria proper. 



Symptoms. The urine is colored more or less red, some- 

 times contains coagula and, in contrast to urine which contains 

 only blood coloring matter in solution, the sediment is light 

 or dark red and red blood corpuscles may be found in it. In 

 all forms of hematuria the urine contains as a rule hemoglobin 

 in solution, in addition to red blood corpuscles, owing to the 

 destructive action of the urinary constituents upon the blood 

 corpuscles. There usually also exist signs of the underlying 

 disease, and after severe loss of blood the clinical picture of 

 acute or chronic anemia develops. 



Diagnosis. Hematuria is recognized with certainty only 

 by the demonstration of coagula, of blood-red sediment or of 

 red blood corpuscles in the urine. Except in the paralytic 

 hemoglobinemia of horses, in which motor disturbances are 

 noticeable from the beginning, jaundice usually occurs in hemo- 

 globinuria. In piroplasmosis ticks are found on the body of 

 the animals and piroplasmas may be seen in suitably stained 

 blood specimens. Epizootic occurrence of the cases suggests 

 piroplasmosis as the most probable diagnosis. 



The clinical investigation must determine whether the 

 blood has been added to the urine in the kidneys, the urinary 

 passages or outside of the latter. In renal hemorrhage there 

 are usually also form elements (epithelial cells, casts) which 

 come from the kidneys ; by means of palpation it may be possible 

 to demonstrate some anomaly in the kidneys and the red blood 

 cells are sometimes disintegrated (Gumprecht) ; in profuse 

 hemorrhages from the kidneys or from the renal pelvis the 

 blood coagulates in the ureters in the shape of thick cylindrical 

 formations which are discharged with the urine (Ostermann. 

 Author's case). In hemorrhage into the urinary passages the 

 urine frequently contains irregularly shaped coagula and 

 epithelial cells from the urinary passages; it is moreover not 

 infrequently possible to demonstrate a disease of the urinary 

 passages by means of a local examination. In case of bleeding 

 from the genitals the urine removed from the bladder by means 

 of a catheter contains no blood, and it is usually possible to 

 show an abnormal condition of the genital organs. 



Treatment. The mode of treatment depends upon the 

 underlying condition. In copious bleeding hemostatic remedies 



