Hemorrhagic Infarct of the Kidneys. 987 



the meantime the nutrition of the renal parenchyma had suffered, a new-formation 

 of connective tissue was stimulated in places. 



The thrombosis is probably only rarely situated in the renal artery proper, 

 but usually in the abdominal aorta immediately before the origin of the renal 

 arteries or even in the anterior mesenteric artery, in which case the thrombus 

 projects into the lumen of the aorta. Such a thrombus may produce an occlusion 

 or stenosis of one or the other renal artery thus that it continues as far as its 

 origin, or that the thrombus, which is freely movable in its posterior or upper 

 I'lid, happens to be forced against the opening of the renal artery by the circulating 

 lilood. 



The most striking symptom is a profuse renal hemorrhage, the 

 blood extravasating from the capillaries entering in part the tubuli 

 uriniferi or the pelvis of the kidneys and being then discharged. The 

 animals usually pass light or dark red urine at short intervals, at 

 times cylindrical clots, which are often regular casts of the ureters, 

 are mixed with it. The urine contains an amount of albumen corres- 

 ponding to the quantity of blood present, red blood corpuscles are 

 found in the sediment, sometimes arranged in the form of tube casts, 

 and also other renal form elements. On rectal exploration the en- 

 largement of the one (left) kidney, which is not very sensitive, may 

 l)e ascertained. 



If the hemorrhage continues unchanged, death may occur in the 

 course of a few days (authors' case), but in most cases such attacks 

 disappear after a short time, although they may recur several times 

 (the authors observed such repetitions in all their cases). 



The treatment must be limited to the administration of remedies 

 which increase the blood pressure, to intensive feeding and possibly 

 to the administration of iron. 



5. Amyloid Kidney. Degeneratio Amyloidea Renum. 



Etiology. Amyloid degeneration of tlie kidneys occurs far 

 less frequently than it does in the liver (Vol. II), although 

 it develops upon a similar basis. The disease may be limited 

 to the kidneys, but occurs more often simultaneously with a 

 similar affection of the liver and spleen. The process has 

 been observed in dogs by Rabe, Rivolta, Kitt, Dorflinger; in 

 a cat by Mathis ; by Rabe not very rarely in horses and cattle. 



Anatomical Changes. In well marked cases the kidneys 

 are enlarged, firm and rigid, anemic. The cut surface is very 

 pale and shows a waxy or lardaceous luster (for the amyloid 

 reaction, see amyloid of the liver). 



In the kidneys it is usually also possible to find proliferation of the connective 

 tissue and fatty degeneration of the epithelia. Amyloid kidney can only occur 

 in association with chronic nephritis, and in this case small punctate, waxy, some- 

 what transparent and glistening granules, the degenerated glomeruli are noticeable 

 on the cut surface (Dorflinger). 



Symptoms. The clinical picture of amyloid kidney is 

 known only sliglitly. Rabe observed emaciation and debility 

 of the hindquarter in his cases, also symptoms of uremia, 



