Diagnosis, Treatment. • 1019 



stration of the Corynebacillus renalis wliicli is usually present. 

 Only upon this basis is it possible to differentiate the affection 

 from the other forms of nephritis or from inflammatory affec- 

 tions of the uterus, vagina and bladder, and also from renal 

 tuberculosis. Mistakes are the more easily possible as many 

 of these diseases also frequently occur after parturition with- 

 out simultaneous nephritis. If no symptoms exist pointing to 

 these affections, and if some weeks after a delivery which was 

 not quite normal, the urine contains pus, there exists a just 

 suspicion of pyelonephritis which is further supported by the 

 demonstration of a thickened ureter and enlargement of the 

 corresponding kidney. 



Treatment. Since all efforts at treatment have hitherto 

 proved in vain it is advisable to slaughter the animals as soon 

 as possible. In the beginning of the disease irrigation of the 

 vagina and bladder and internal disinfectants like salicylic 

 acid. Folia uvae ursi (25-59 gm.) may be tried. 



Literature. Albreclit, W. f. Tk., 1900. 409. — Baillet & Seres, Rev. gen., 

 1903. I. 504. — Bartels, D. t. W., 1879. 303. — Cadeac & Morot, J. vet., 1897. 

 65 — Dammaun, D. Z. f. Tm., 1877. III. 265. — Enderlen, D. .'Z f. Tm., 1891. 

 XVII. 325 (Lit.). — Ernst, Cbl. f. Bakt., 1905. XXXIX. 549; XL. 79 (Lit.). — 

 Priedberger, Miineh. Jhb., 1899/90. 164. — Gillot, Eec, 1888. 159. — Hess, 

 Schw. A., 1888. XXX. 269; 1891. XXXIIL 157; 1892. XXXIV. 70. — Hoflieh, 

 Monh., 1891. IL 337 (Lit.). — Jensen, Ergebn. d. Path., 1895. IL 389 (Lit.). — 

 Koch, Z. f. Hyg., 1907. LVIII 287. — Klinnemann, A. f. Tk., 1903. XXIX. 128. 



— Lienaux & Zwaenopoel, Ann., 1902. 500. — Lncet, J. vet., 1892. 220. — 

 Masselin & Porcher, Eee., 1895. 657. — Mollereau & Porcher, Bull., 1895. 322. 



— Scherzer, B. t. W., 1903. 445. — Schmidt, Maanedsskr., 1890. II. 149; 1899. 

 X. 179. — Soninier, B. t. W., 1906. 400. — Wyssmann, Schw. A., 1904. XLVI. 287. 



11. Inflammation of the Renal Pelvis. Pyelitis. 



Etiology. An inflammation of the mucous membrane of 

 the renal pelvis arises usually in consequence of mechanical 

 irritation, particularly in the presence of urinary calculi (in 

 birds also when uric acid crystals are present) and of animal 

 parasites in the pelvis of the kidneys, also in stasis of the 

 urine in which fermentation is produced by bacteria. Infectious 

 and poisonous substances which leave the kidneys with the 

 urine may also exert a pathogenic action upon the mucous 

 membrane of the pelvis. For instance, in acute infectious 

 diseases the renal pelvis frequently shows catarrhal involve- 

 ment when the renal tissue is also affected; Dieckerhotf even 

 observed a diphtheritic pyelitis in a case of influenza. Occa- 

 sionally the bacilli of tuberculosis and of glanders produce 

 specific changes in the renal pelvis. Of chemical irritants, 

 especially cantharides, oil of turpentine and the severe diuretic 

 remedies in general cause pyelitis if they are administered 

 for a considerable time or in large amounts. Prolonged venous 

 stasis in the kidneys may also give rise to changes in the mucous 



