Course and Prognosis. 1025 



into the iiretlira where they produce retention of urine which 

 may lead to death in a brief time. 



Diagnosis. A sufficiently positive recognition of the disease 

 presupposes the demonstration of pyelitis, or sandy or gritty 

 sediment in the urine, or the direct discovery of stones in 

 the renal pelvis by means of palpation. The disease may be 

 mistaken for other colicky diseases, nephritis, paranephritic 

 abscess, renal tumor, etc. 



Treatment. If there is a suspicion of calculus formation, 

 the diet must above all be regulated thus that the animals 

 ingest with their food or drinking water as small amounts 

 as possible of salts. In herbivora it is therefore necessary 

 to withdraw especially bran and to limit grains; carnivora 

 should receive only little meat; in addition, good soft water 

 must be supplied. The drinking of large amounts of carbonated 

 water is recommended to secure the solution of calculi and 

 prevent their formation. In renal colic subcutaneous injections 

 of morphine or the administration of chloral hydrate is in- 

 dicated. 



Lorge and Rubay have attempted the operative removal 

 of kidney stones (nephrotomy) with satisfactory results. The 

 resection of the diseased kidney (nephrectomy) may also be 

 thought of. - 



Literature. Albrecht, W. f. Tk., 1900. 1. — Ball, J. vet., 1906. 193. — 

 Barthe, Eev. vet., 1906. 289. — Bourmer, Beitr. z. Nephrolithiasis usw. Diss. Bern. 

 1908 (Lit.). — Brim, Bull., 1902. 80. — Dammaim, D. t. W., 1897. 435. — Freger, 

 J. vet, 1907. 326. — Hebrant, Ann., 1902. 578. — Imminger, W. f. Tk., 1901. 

 553. — Klimmer, A. f. Tk., 1899. XXV. 336. (complete Lit. to 1899). — Prietsch, 

 S. B., 1901. 45. — Eabieaux, Bull., 1902. 310. — Eathke, Pr. Mt., 1865-66. 129. — 

 Kubay, Ann., 1895. 413. — Theis, Bull., 1905. 255. 



13. Renal Dropsy. Hydronephrosis. 



{Cystic Kidney.) 



Occurrence. Hydronephrosis is frequently found in cattle, 

 hogs and sheep during meat inspection. 



Lucks fonnd the affection in 43 (0.67%) out of 6,425 hogs examined, in 

 female pigs almost 3 times as often as in males; in 29 animals the condition 

 was unilateral (10 times on the left side, 19 times on the right side), in 14 animals 

 it was bilateral. Horn saw hydronephrosis in 0.21% of 7,000 slaughtered sheep, 

 usually unilateral, and due to kidney stones in 80% of the cases. 



Etiology. The immediate cause of hydronephrosis is sup- 

 plied by an impediment to the flow of the urine from one or 

 tooth renal pelvis, in consequence of which the urine, which is 

 steadily secreted, is dammed up behind the impediment with 

 a constantly increasing pressure. The affected urinary passages 

 gradually become dilated and the medullary substance of the 



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