Etiology, Symptoms. 1029 



flammation and destruction of the renal tissue. The kidney 



is eventually transformed into a thick-walled sac in which 



the worm is coiled up, imbedded in a 



purulent-bloody mass. In rare cases two 



worms are found together in one renal 



pelvis; Verney has even found four 



specimens in the kidney of a dog. 



Symptoms. The symptoms which 

 are caused by the worms vary from case pjg 177^ Eggg of Eustrou- 

 to case, and it may even occur that in gyius gigas. (After Rail- 

 spite of their presence no disturbances ^^^^-^ 



in health are observed; especially in 



horses and cattle hardly any disease symptoms have been 

 reported. On the other hand, dogs suffer severe pain, are 

 restless and may even show mania and an inclination to 

 1)ite, simulating rabies. Sometimes the vertebral column is 

 curved laterally, the concavity corresponding to the affected 

 side. In other cases only general indisposition and emaciation 

 are noted and may increase to complete exhaustion. The void- 

 ing of the urine may require an effort, it contains pus and 

 blood and indicates the existence of pyelitis. 



Diagnosis. The disease can be diagnosed only by the 

 demonstration of the characteristic worm-eggs (Fig. 177) in 

 the urine. 



Course. In the presence of severe functional disturbances 

 the disease usually ends in death. Lacoste saw in one case 

 the worm pass out through the urethra after which the dog 

 recovered completely. In exceptional cases the worm leaves 

 the renal pelvis and is arrested in the bladder where it causes 

 intense inflammation, or it passes on to the penal bone, causing 

 a swelling in the region of the perineum which may become 

 as large as a fist and in which the worm is coiled up (Leblanc, 

 Megnin). Uremic symptoms may also occur. 



Treatment. The removal of the worm from the renal 

 pelvis may be attempted by oil of turpentine (for dogs table- 

 or coffee-spoonful). If the worm is arrested in the urethra 

 it can be removed by incising the swelling. 



Literature. Leblanc, Bull, de I'acad. med., 1850. 640. — Mathis, Lyon med., 

 1884. 499. — Megnin, Eec, 1879. 223. — Neumann, Mai. parasitaires, 1892. 740 

 (Lit.). — Pease & Smith, Vet. Journ., 1905. 200. — Eailliet, Zool. med., 1895. 

 419. — Eivolta, Med. vet., 1867. 1. 



(b) Other Parasites in the Kidneys. 



Of threadworms the larvae of the Sclerostomum are found in the 

 kidneys of horses where they localize in the renal artery or its branches 

 and may give rise to hemorrhage in the kidney (see page . . .). Petit, 



