Symptoms. 



1033 



(albuminuria spuria), occasionally wliite mucus- and pus- 

 floccules, also gray pseudomembranes or tissue slireds. The 

 reaction is alkaline in lierbivora, but in carnivora either acid 

 (in catarrh due to B. coli) or more frequently also alkaline. 

 Ammoniacal fermentation takes place already within the 

 bladder and is recognized by the characteristic pungent odor 

 and also by the fact that a moistened strip of red litmus paper 

 turns blue when it is laid over the opening of a vessel which 

 pontains fresh urine. The sediment is always copious and con- 

 sists of pus cells, red blood corpuscles, large pavement epithelia, 



Fig. 178. Urinary sediment of a horse tcith catarrh of the bladder, a pavement 



epithelia (superficial layer). 6 pavement epithelia (deeper layer, tailed cellB). c 



pus cells, d triple phosphate crystals, e streptococci. 



also elongated, slender or molar-shaped epithelia (Figs. 178, 

 179, 180). Together with ammoniacal fermentation numerous 

 coffin-shaped crystals of ammonia-magnesia phosphate are 

 found, and thorn-apple-shaped crystals of acid ammonia urate. 

 Finally the freshly voided urine usually contains very many 

 bacteria. 



Simple acute catarrh is very rarely accompanied by high 

 fever and lassitude, which is, however, frequent in inflammation 



