OMNIVORA THE SKULL. 



105 



Visceral Skeleton. 



Ill the aJnlt Ruminant, two bones are 

 commonly found in the heart, and may be 

 termed the cardiac bones (ossa cordis). They 

 are found related with the auriculo-ventric- 

 ular rings. In shape they present three 

 angles, three borders, and two surfaces. The 

 left bone is considerably smaller than the 

 right. 



OMXIYORA. 



The Omnivora are represented in Veterin- 

 ary Anatomy only by the Hog. 



Fig. 27. 

 Kight cardiac bone of au Ox— natural 

 size, a, Anterior angle ; b h, Posterior 

 angles ; c, Superior border ; d. Anterior 

 border ; e. Posterior border ; /, Right 

 surface. 



Axial Skeleton. 



THE SKULL. 



Fig. 28. 

 Skull of a Boar — lateral aspect. 



In the skull of this animal the following points are noteworthy. The sxipra- 

 occijntal bone forms a very prominent crest ; the occipital condyles and the 

 foramen magnum are small ; the styloid processes very long, inclining back- 

 wards. The imrietal bones are early anchylosed, the superior surface being 

 contracted in the middle, with a sharp ridge on each side, limiting the temporal 

 fossa. The orbital process of the frontal bone is short, the frontal arch being 

 completed by a ligament ; in the centre of 

 the bone, about a third from its anterior 

 Ijorder, is the supraorbital foramen, and from 

 it a groove passes forwards and outwards. 

 The frontal bone articulates with the superior 

 maxilla. The temporal is a single bone on 

 i^acli side ; the petrous portion is small, and 

 the zygomatic process large, bearing a promi- 

 nent spine. A ridge connects the e.xternal 

 auditory meatus, placed very high up, with 



the mastoid protuberance, which is very large, the styloid process being short. 

 The maxillary articulation is not supported behind by a well-marked process, 

 and is smallest transversely. The s2)hcnoiil is short, with large, flat pterygoid 

 ])rocesses; the wings do not project, but are nearly perpendicular; the sella 

 turcica is deep, and the olivary and clinoid processes large. 



The nasal bones are long, straight, and strong, firmly connected with the 

 frontal and superior maxillary, but do not articulate with the lachrymal bones ; 

 the nasal peak projects nearly to the level of the incisors. The lacJirymals are 

 .small, with lachrymal fossa3 on the supero-external part of the bone instead of 

 in the orbit, as in the horse and ox ; they are pierced by two conduits, which 

 afterwards form one. The malar bone i.s very strong, and the zygomatic 

 process large, and terminating in two branches, between Avhich rests the 

 zygomatic process of the temporal bone; the anterior branch is short, and not 

 united to the orbital aixh of the frontal bone. The superior maxilla is propor- 

 tionally rather short and narrow, and its surface concave, for the reception of 

 large facial muscles ; it presents a large lateral protuberance anteriorly, whence 



