110 



COMPARATIVE OSTEOLOGY. 



I'IG. 31. 



SKELETON OF THE DOG (CARNIVOKA). 



Axial Skeleton. 



the skull. 



Froutal, 2 ; 1:, Temporal, 



Sphenoid, 1 ; 



Malar, 2 ; h, Maxilla, 2 ; rj, Premaxilla, 2 ; 

 A'omer, 1 ; Turbiuals, 4 ; Hyoid series, 9. 



Cranial Bones.— a, Occipital, 1 ; h, Parietal, 2 ; 

 Etlimoid, 2 ; Auditory ossicles, 8. 



Facial Bones.— f, Nasal, 2 ; e, Lachrymal, 2 ; d, 

 ■i, Inferior ]Ma.\ilia, 2 ; Palatine, 2 ; Pterygoid, 2 ; 

 Teeth:— Incisors, 12; Canines, 4; Molars, 26. 



The Trunk.— I I, Cervical vertebrae, 7 ; in in, Dorsal vertebra;, 13 ; n n, Lumbar vertebrae, 7 : 

 o. Sacrum (three segments), 1 ; p j). Coccygeal vertebrae (variable), 20 ; t t, Kibs, 26 ; " Sternum 

 (eight steruebra^), 1 ; -jf Costal cartilages. 



Appendicular Skeleton, 

 pectoral limb. 

 u, Scapula, 2 ; v, Humerus, 2 ; w, Radius, 2 ; x, Ulna. Carpus -.—y. Trapezium, 2 ; :, Cunei- 

 form, 2 ; a', Scaphoid, 2 ; h', Unciform, 2 ; c'. Magnum, 2 ; d', Trapezoid, 2 ; e', Pisiform, 2 ; Meta- 

 carpal bones, 10; h', Anterior sesamoids, 10; (/', Posterior sesamoids, 20. Digit:— i', Proximal 

 phalanges, 10 ; k', Median phalanges, 8 ; I', Distal phalanges, 10 ; Small sesamoids wanting. 



PELVIC LIMP.. 



Pelvis.— Os Innominatum :— g, Ilium, 2 ; r, Pubis, 2 ; s, Ischium, 2. 



Tlie Limb.—m', Femur, 2 ; o', Fabellse, 4 ; n', Patella, 2 ; q, Tibia, 2 ; p', Tibial sesamoid, 2 ; 

 r'. Fibula, 2. Tarsus :— s', Calcaueum, 2 ; f. Astragalus, 2 ; u', Cuboid, 2 ; v', Superior cuneiform, 2 ; 

 ■J, Ecto-c'uneiforme, 2 ; x', Meso-cuneiforme, 2 ; y', Eudo-cuueiforme, 2. Metatarsus :— Large bones, 

 8 ;' s' Small bones, 2 ; Anterior sesamoids, 8 ; Posterior sesamoids, 16. Digit :— Proximal phalanges, 

 8 '; Median phalanges, 8 ; Distal phalanges, 8 ; Small sesamoids wanting. 



Visceral Skeleton. 

 Os Penis, 1 ; Rudimentary clavicle (inconstant), 2. 



The bones of the Carnivora Skeleton, thus considered, are 345. 



