PANNICULUS CARNOSUS. 161 



attachment of the muscles — a nomenclature more valuable though 

 less current than the one in use. 



CLASSIB^ICATION OF MUSCLES. 



Either an Anatomatical or Physiological mode of classification 

 can be applied to the muscular system, but the former is of 

 cojrse the one adopted here. Again, muscles may be classed 

 anatomatically either according to their attachments or to the 

 regions their fleshy portions chiefly cover. Although a nortien- 

 clatiire based upon the attachments of muscles is most valuable, 

 a descriptive classification so constructed would lead to confusion, 

 hence we group the muscles according to the regions they mainly 

 occupy, and divide them primarily into those covering each of 

 the following regions : — 



Subcutaneous region. 



Head. 



Trunk. 



Pectoral limb. 



Pelvic limb. 



We shall describe them in the above order, subdividing each 

 region as may be necessary. 



Muscles. 



subcutaneous region. 



panniculus carnosus. 



{Musculus Suhcutaneus.) 



After carefully removing the skin and subcutaneous cellular 

 tissue, the first muscle which presents itself is one peculiar to 

 quadrupeds, the Pannicuhis carnosus. This muscle is spread 

 over the greater part of the body, and may be divided into facial, 

 cervical, thoracic, and abdominal portions, but as these are con- 

 tinuous with each other, we can conveniently describe the whole 

 as a single structure. The panniculus, as a whole, is aponeurotic 

 superiorl}^ becoming more and more fleshy as it descends. It is 

 firmly attached to the skin by connective tissue. 



The facial portion consists of an aponeurotic expansion, which 

 becomes muscular over the muscles situated below and before the 

 zygoma. Its fibres are arranged in a divergent manner, radiating 



M 



