882 COMPARATIVE SPLANCHNOLOGY. 



colon. Near the anus, tlie rectum presents on either side the openings of two 

 glandular pouches, where is secreted a strong foetid matter. 



ACCESSORY ORGANS OF DIGESTION. 



The liver is large, and deeply cleft into five lobes, a gall bladder being 

 lodged in the middle lobe. The biliary duct unites with a small duct from the 

 pancreas before entering the duodenum. 



The fancrcas is elongated, running along the concave curvature of the duo- 

 denum ; its anterior end reaches the lesser curvature of the stomach. There 

 are two ducts, a large one entering the duoderum alone, and a smaller, which 

 joins the bile duct. 



The spleen is long and irregularly club-shaped. It is suspended in the great 

 cmenlum, near the left sac of the stomach. Its thick, blunt extremity is 

 placed anteriorly. 



Fig. 146. 

 Stomach, Liver, Pancreas, and Duodenum of a Dog. a a, Liver ; 

 I, GaU bladder ; c c, Biliary Canals ; d. Cystic Duct ; c, Ductus Chole- 

 docus ; /, Pancreas ; g. Pancreatic Ducts. 



RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. 



The septum nasi is prolonged on each side, thus taking the place of the 

 alar cartilages, and being continuous with the cartilaginous prolongations of 

 the inferior turbinals. There is only one maxillary sinus on each side. The 

 thoracic cavity is usually very large in carnivora. The lungs are divided, the 

 left into three, the right into four lobes, by clefts which reach almost to the 

 root of the organ. The heart is completely surrounded by the lungs, not 

 embedded in depressions in them. The pulmonary tissue is very compact, the 

 lobules being small, while the air-cells are well developed. 



URINARY AND GENITAL SYSTEMS. 



The hidney is ovoid, but shorter than in the hog ; in the cat it is still 

 shorter, being almost round. The pelvis is simple, presenting a single large 

 elongated papilla. The bladder is furnished with a very strong muscular coat. 



