APPENDIX. 567 



between the fibrous layers, holding the blade always parallel to the sur- 

 faces. Any muscles covering it ought to be entirely cut away, by being 

 divided near the middle, across their fibres, the two ends reflected to the 

 side, and the study of their attachments is thus more easily made. 

 Eemove the cellular tissue by lifting it with a pair of forceps, and insert- 

 ing the edge of the scalpel in the angle formed by the cellular tissue and 

 the surface of the muscle. For removing fat, glands, &c., scissors may 

 be used with great advantage. 



Dissection of all the Muscles upon the same Subject. 



Place the subject in the first position, and commence tlie study of the 

 muscles of the inferior abdominal region. Then cut off these muscles, 

 the one extremity from the sternal attachments, the other from the pre- 

 pubial tendon and crural arch. The cavity of the abdomen and viscera 

 will thus be displayed ; and the latter being removed, the student should 

 proceed to study the diaphragm, internal crural region, the sublumbar 

 region, the anterior and posterior femoral regions, as also the superficial 

 muscles of the inferior cervical and pectoral regions. 



Turn the animal over, and place it in the second position. Dissect the 

 muscles of the ears, those of the superior cervical region, the withers, the 

 costal region, the spinal region of the back and the loins, and the region 

 of the croup. The four limbs may be partly prepared at the same time, 

 one being removed for the study of the fore-arm and foot. 



Afterwards, separate one hind limb by sawing the femur through the 

 middle, and then proceed to the dissection of the muscles of the leg and 

 hind foot. Then by means of another cut of the saw carried through the 

 middle of the loins, isolate completely the pelvis, to make a dissection of 

 the coccygeal muscles and the deep muscles of the internal femoral 

 region. 



The animal having been turned upon its side in the third position, 

 open the cavity of the chest and saw through the ribs near their extre- 

 mities, thus forming two sections, the one containing the triangularis 

 sterni, the other the inferior and lateral muscles of the head and neck. 

 The subject may afterwards serve for the study of nearly all the joints. 



Eemoval of the Hoof. 

 As the terminal insertions of some of the muscles of the limbs 

 are situated in the interior of the hoof, it is absolutely necessary, in 

 order to see them, to break open this horny case, and we will describe 

 a simple method of performing this operation. The instruments 

 necessary for breaking open the hoof are a scalpel, a chisel, a hammer, 

 and a pair of strong forceps. The limb is fixed by one or two 



