APPENDIX. 569 



study of the mnscles, laj' bare these structures in the following manner: — 

 Eemove entirely the masseter; detach the cheek from the lower jaw 

 and reflect the flap upon the upper ; saw through the ramus of the jaw 

 transversely, immediately behind, and then before the line of the molar 

 teeth; remove and dislocate from the temporo maxillary articulation 

 the upper fragment of the bone, destroying the capsular ligament and 

 the insertions of the pterygoid muscles ; reverse the lower fragment so 

 as to place the line of the molar teeth below, and the inferior border 

 of the bone above, in the bottom of the intermaxillary space ; it is 

 sufficient, in performing this last operation, to separate the buccal 

 mucous membrane from the mylo-hyoid muscle, proceeding from above 

 downwards. The dissection thus made, is convenient not only for the 

 study of the muscles of the tongue, but also for the study of the deep 

 salivary glands, the pharynx, the larynx, the guttural pouches, the 

 nerves and arteries of the head, &c. It is always well, to facilitate this 

 dissection, to keep the jaws open by inserting a piece of wood between 

 the incisor teeth, immediately after the death of the animal. 



The Velum Palati, — Study the velum palati : 1. By an antero- 

 posterior and vertical section of the head, 2. Make the dissection 

 described under " The Palate," and dissect off" the mucous and glandular 

 layer, so as to lay bare the fibrous membrane, and the two intrinsic 

 muscles; the extrinsic muscles ought to be studied with those of the 

 pharynx. 



The Stomach. — In order to study the organ in its connections, it is 

 sufficient to open the abdomen, and raise the intestinal mass, proceeding 

 in the following manner : — The animal is placed in the first position, and 

 slightly inclined to the left side; make a crucial incision upon the inferior 

 abdominal wall, or surround all this wall by a circular incision, taking 

 care not to wound any part of the intestine ; the Avhole mass of the 

 viscera is then drawn out of the abdominal cavity and brought upon the 

 table which supports the subject ; do not allow any part of this mass to 

 slip down upon the ground, and so avoid tearing either the intestine or 

 the parts which the student desires to preserve intact in the abdominal 

 cavity ; afterwards cut the floating colon, at the point of its union 

 with the rectum and the duodenum, where it passes behind the great 

 mesenteric artery ; detach the base of the caecum from the sublumbar 

 wall by the rupture of the cellular tissue which connects this organ with 

 the right kidney and the pancreas ; destroy the same cellular union 

 which exists between the pancreas and the terminal extremity of the 

 fourth part of the colon ; separate the mesentery along with the vessels 

 contained between its folds ; the intestinal mass is thus at last expelled 

 from the abdominal cavity, and a convenient preparation is made, not 



