24 REPORT OF THE SCOTTISH COMMISSION 



the most modern agricultural implements to which agents and 

 makers send samples with full particulars of price, etc. The 

 specimens sent have to be left on show for a year at least, at the 

 end of which period they may be left, taken away, or replaced by 

 newer articles. 



Dalum Agricultural School 



At Dalum, the members of the Commission were favoured with 

 an address in English by Mr Jacob Lange, who also supplied the 

 following information regarding his school, which may be taken as 

 a fair example of the others : — 



The school was founded in 1886, and the present director and 

 staff have wrought together almost from the start. It is private 

 property owned by the director, but it was established by the 

 financial aid of a great number of farmers, chiefly small proprietors, 

 from the whole island, who felt the want of such a school. To 

 further its work, the State and Local Council grant yearly subsidies. 

 All the pupils are boarded and lodged at the school. It has two 

 chief courses annually, one in Agriculture and one in Dairying, 

 besides occasional short courses for special purposes. The pupils 

 come from all parts of the country. 



1. Agricultural Course.— This course extends over six 

 months (November to April). There are about 140 pupils, mainly 

 the sons of small proprietors, their ages varying from 18 to 35 

 years, the average being 23 years. Nearly all are pupils from the 

 elementary schools, but the majority have spent five months at a 

 High School before coming to Dalum. 



For such subjects as Arithmetic, Drawing and Land-Surveying 

 the pupils are divided into two or three classes, according to 

 ability. All the other subjects are taught in common by means of 

 daily lectures and frequent oral examinations, for which the pupils 

 prepare themselves by means of text-books. There is no terminal 

 examination and no leaving certificate. 



The chief subjects taught are : (1) Physics, Chemistry, 

 Geology (soils and their treatment) ; (2) Anatomy and Physi- 

 ology of Animals ; (3) Botany (including plant pathology), the 

 cultivated plants and their culture ; (4) Tending and feeding of 

 stock ; (6) Dairying ; and (6) Agricultural Book-keeping. Besides 

 these subjects, series of lectures (without examinations) are given 

 in Political Economy, the History of Agriculture, and general 

 History. The school day extends over seven to eight hours : 

 3-4, lectures; 1-2, examinations; 1, gymnastics; 2, land-surveying, 

 arithmetic, etc. The State grant is £165 a year ; the subsidies 

 from the County Councils of Fyen amount to £60 a year. Some 

 of the poorer pupils get about £8 (about half the expense incurred) 

 from a Government grant distributed by the County School 

 Boards. The cost of the course, including instruction, board, 

 lodging, and the necessary books, amounts to about £2, 15s. per 

 month. 



2. Dairying Course. — This course extends over a period of 



