ON AGRICULTURE TO DENMARK 25 



four months (April- July). There are about twenty-five pupils, of an 

 average age of twenty-two years, who have been working from three 

 to eight years in butter and cheese factories. Their previous 

 education is similar to that of the winter pupils, and the mode of 

 teaching is similar to that in the winter course. Besides Arithmetic 

 and Writing the following subjects are taught : — 



Physics (including Mechanics and Engineering Chemistry) ; 

 Botany (including Elementary Bacteriology). 



Anatomy and Physiology of Animals and their tending and 

 feeding ; Dairying (history and general theory) ; practical in- 

 struction is given in Milk-Testing (Fjord and Gerber systems), 

 in general Book-keeping and differential Reckoning (Fjord 

 system) for the paying of the milk according to the cream 

 percentage. 



A special subsidy of £110 a year is given by the Government 

 for the dairying course. In connexion with the school a model 

 dairy is maintained, to which the Government contributes £55 

 a year. The poorer pupils obtain grants of about £6 each through 

 the local authorities, the total cost of the course amounting to 

 about £10, 10s. Besides these two main courses the day school 

 occasionally gives short courses (1-4 weeks in duration) for 

 crofters and small farmers in milking, testing of milk, and the 

 working of small farms. 



3. The Farm. — The farm attached to the school is run on 

 business principles and for profit, in such a way as to serve as an 

 example to ordinary farmers. The pupils are made acquainted with 

 the whole book-keeping of the farm, and are allowed to examine the 

 stock and general work, but no practical farm work is directly 

 taught in the school. The farm is 92 acres in extent, excluding 

 the space occupied by buildings, garden, and football field. It is 

 divided into nine fields of equal size (9| acres), besides a field of 

 permanent pasture. The soil is very variable. The following is 

 the rotation of crops : — 



1. Rye. 



2. Sugar beets and seed mangolds. 



3. Oats. 



4. Mangolds. 



5. Barley. 



6. Oats. 



7. Clover and grass. 



8. Grass. 



9. Mangolds and different forage plants. 



The average yield per acre is about 50 to 60 bushels grain, 

 25 tons mangolds, and 15 to 16 tons sugar beets. 



The stock consists of 30 milking cows, 20 bulls, heifers, and 

 yearlings, 100 pigs, and about 150 fowls. The breed of cattle is 

 the Red Danish. 



In winter the rations of milking cows in full milk are 4^ lbs. 

 hay, 1 1 lbs. straw, 80 lbs. mangolds, and from 7 to 1 1 lbs. cake. 

 During the summer about half the dailv fodder (cake and hay) ia 



