52 REPORT OF THE SCOTTISH COMMISSION 



ing, especially in the management of live stock ; beef-producing 

 races of cattle have been almost entirely discarded to make room 

 for cows, and cows only ; and co-operation and skill in the 

 management of both them and their products have brought 

 success to the Danish farmer. Dairying is his mainstay ; to this 

 he has added pigs and poultry ; thus devoting his whole energies 

 to the production of the three requisites of the breakfast-table, 

 butter, bacon and eggs. 



At the outset it is important to observe the extent to which 

 the partitioning of land has been carried : — 



233,036 6,507,402 



From these figures it will be seen that there is a total of six 

 and a half million acres divided into nearly a quarter of a million 

 estates, and 90 per cent, of the occupiers are proprietors. It nmst 

 not, however, be inferred that there are no large farms in Denmark. 

 In conducting our investigations a considerable number of farms, 

 hundreds of acres in extent, were visited. Some of these were in 

 the possession of noblemen and some were held on lease by 

 ordinary tenant farmers, very much the same as farms are held in 

 this country. Indeed, statistics show that in Denmark between 

 forty and ftfty farms over 294 acres in extent change hands by 

 sale annually. 



The Farm Steadings 



The farm steadings are mostly situated in central positions, 

 and the arrangement of the buildings is very similar everywhere. 

 They are usually laid down in a square, but on the smaller farms 

 the square is incomplete, being in the simplest form, reduced in 

 many cases to two rows of buildings set at right angles to each 

 other. In the square farmstead one side is given up to the 

 dwelling-house, and although this generally faces the approach 

 road, the door is no doubt for convenience at the back, lookiiig 

 towards the square, but the most modern houses on holdings of 

 100 acres or upwards have also an end entrance. The other 

 buildings are set out in the following principle. The house occupies 

 one side of the farmstead. Generally opposite the house is the 

 hay and straw barn. On one side are the stables for the horses 

 and the barn with the thrashing machine, and opposite these again 

 the byres and pigsty. Outside the square near the byre and the 

 piggeries are often placed the manure pits, one usually a hollowed- 

 out stance for the dung, and the other a large well constructed 

 for the liquid manure. 



