62 REPORT OF THE SCOTTISH COMMISSION 



cattle were greatly fancied by members of the Commission, no 

 doubt on account of their resemblance to our beefing breeds, but 

 the Danish red cattle are quite as good milkers. Both breeds have 

 their good points, and naturally each district stands up for its own. 

 In both cases there is thorough uniformity of type. The Danish red 

 cattle are all red, the shade of red being unimportant, with dark 

 muzzles and heads. The absence of black points is considered ob- 

 jectionable as showing the presence of an out cross. The head is 

 somewhat heavy, with short curved horns. The back is inclined to 

 slackness, but the body is deep and well chested. From a dairy- 

 man's point of view the cattle are thoroughly suitable, having the 

 fine skin, well developed milk veins, large opening for the veins, 

 udders of ample capacity, and slackness of bag under the tail, all 

 of which bespeak the milker. Various attempts to improve the 

 breed up to 1870 had been tried with small success. These experi- 

 ments, however, showed that the allied race of cattle in Schleswig 

 would probably suit, and from then onwards large numbers of 

 Schleswig bulls were imported. These races of cattle are practi- 

 cally one, only diiFerent in type, and the cross has produced this 

 wonderfully hardy, good-milking breed. A certain amount of close 

 breeding is being practised, but not to any great extent. A bull 

 is selected whose ancestry shows big milking records with a large 

 percentage of butter fat. If you ask a man, *' Is this bull well 

 bred," he will answer, " Oh yes, very. His mother had a milking 

 average of 9000 lbs. with 4 per cent, of butter fat." If two bulls 

 were offered with ancestry of about equal milking records, the best 

 individual would of course be selected. The heifers are usually 

 all kept and served at thirteen to fifteen months of age. The bull 

 calves are nearly all sold for veal at varying ages up to six weeks, 

 the price being from 5s. 6d. to 21s. 6d. Of the bull calves in 

 select herds, a few are retained for breeding purposes, and all the 

 others are slaughtered for veal. Young bulls from well-known 

 stock in good herds have been sold within recent years as high as 

 £60. Cows that will not breed are fattened off; but little atten- 

 tion is paid to this, the great object being milk. 



The Black and White Jutlander 



The black and white cattle of Jutland have been bred up in a 

 similar way. The breed has been improved within itself, so to 

 speak, with an occasional introduction in some cases of Dutch 

 blood. These cattle look larger than the Danish red. They are 

 somewhat prominent in the shoulder bones, bare on the fore rib, 

 inclined to slackness of the back, and rather deficient in fore part 

 of udder. In the northern part of Jutland the shorthorn found a 

 foothold in the days when beef was wanted. It is doubtful if that 

 breed is now holding its own in face of the great demand for dairy- 

 ing cattle. Few, if any, have been imported in recent years. 

 Dutch and other breeds, such as Jerseys, are also met with, but for 

 all practical purposes the red Danish, and the black and white of 

 Jutland, may be looked upon as the cattle of Denmark. They suit 



