80 REPORT OF THE SCOTTISH COMMISSION 



where it meets a ready sale, and the different qualities are manu- 

 factured according to the demand. The milk here as at most 

 Danish creameries is carted by the factory, and special waggons 

 have been built for the purpose, capable of carrying 4000 

 lbs. of milk. The milk is received at the creamery between the 

 hours of 7 and 10 a. m., and is drawn from a radius of twelve miles. 

 Six separators are daily at work, capable of treating between 2000 

 to 3000 gallons of milk per hour. Each separator is provided with 

 a heater and pasteuriser and two sets of refrigerators, in the first 

 of which ordinary cold water is used, while the second is supplied 

 with specially cold water from the refrigerator tanks of the cooling 

 machines. Skim milk required for cheese-making is conveyed right 

 from the separators to the cheese vats, but all the rest of the skim 

 milk is pasteurised by being heated to 194 degrees F.ahrenheit and 

 then cooled over the two refrigerators prior to being taken back to 

 the farms for calf and pig-feeding. The price charged for returned 

 skim milk is |d. per litre or about 2d. per gallon. The price of 

 whole milk supplied to the creamery is regulated as at other 

 creameries by the Butter Quotation Committee in Copenhagen, 

 and the proportion of its butter fat. A plentifid supply of ice 

 is manufactured on the premises by means of a machine capable 

 of turning out 100 lbs. of ice per hour. The cream on leaving the 

 separator is heated to 90 degrees centigrade and then rapidly 

 cooled and conveyed to ripening vats prior to being churned. 

 As at most Danish creameries the Holstein churn is the one used 

 here, six being in daily operation in the churning room, and four 

 circular butter workers. 



The premises were well lighted and in spotlessly clean condition. 

 There is a large butter-packing room and three cooling rooms where 

 the butter is placed after being packed and kept at a very low 

 temperature. The roofs of these cooling rooms are arched and 

 double, and insulated by means of non-heat conducting material 

 such as husks of grain, etc. Something like 15 tons of butter 

 are turned out per week, most of which goes to England, but a 

 good proportion is sold in Copenhagen at, we were astonished to 

 learn, 10s. more per cwt. than the British price. In addition 

 to the butter manufactured from milk sent to the creamery, the 

 company purchases considerable quantities of butter from other 

 creameries in order to supply their demands. A large staff of 

 fully 100 young women are employed, and all the employees were 

 neatly attired in spotlessly clean white material. These young 

 women are boarded in the establishment and are paid 5s. to 20s. 

 per month in addition to food and lodgings. Here as at other 

 creameries everything in the shape of bye products is made the 

 most of. At Trifolium the whey from whole milk cheese is passed 

 through the separators and all butter fat taken out. This fat 

 is churned and whey butter made which is sold at 6d. per lb. 

 The power for the working of the factory is supplied from two 

 boilers and two high-pressure steam engines of 90 horse power. 

 In the engine room there is also an ammoniac refrigerator and 

 electric light plant. By an ingenious arrangement the man in 



