84 REPORT OF THE SCOTTISH COMMISSION 



feet. The Company have a splendid water supply of their own, 

 and with an ice-making plant they are enabled to cool their pro- 

 ducts to a very low temperature. 



The milk is delivered to the customers from the Company's 

 vans between the hours of 3 and 5 a.m. and 3 and 4 p.m. For 

 this work 95 horses are employed. These horses cost on an aver- 

 age 500 kroner each, or about £28 sterling. The milk, it may be 

 mentioned, is sold in varying qualities, at varying prices, according 

 to the desires of the customers ; thus some of it may consist of half 

 whole milk and half skim milk, and some of it mixed with one 

 part of whole milk to two of skim, but each kind of milk has its 

 own distinctive label on the bottle, so that no tampering is possible 

 on the part of the distributors, and each customer has the guar- 

 antee that he is getting exactly what he wants, and at the 

 price stated on the label. A special feature is that of supplying 

 children's milk, that is, milk treated in such a way as to be as near 

 as possible in composition to that of human milk. The milk for 

 this special department is supplied from two farms only, from cows 

 which are regularly tested once a year with the tuberculin test by 

 one of Professor Bang's assistants from the Veterinary College. 

 Animals which may react are at once eliminated from the stock. 

 The cows are examined by the veterinary surgeons once a month, 

 who report as to the state of health of the animals, also as to the 

 cleanliness of the cow-houses, composition of feed of animals, and 

 precautions for cooling milk immediately on being milked. 



As already explained, all milk not required for sale as such is 

 separated at a temperature of 38 to 40 degrees centigrade by means 

 of a Laval Separator capable of treating 4000 lbs. per hour. The 

 skim milk is largely sold to bakers and margarine manufacturers, 

 and the butter is all sold for consumption in Copenhagen. The 

 cream, after being separated, is heated to 85 degrees centigrade, then 

 cooled, and then allowed to ripen for twelve hours prior to being 

 churned. About 10,000 lbs. of butter are sold weekly. Besides the 

 butter made from their own surplus cream, the Company buys 

 butter from two other creameries in order to meet the demand of 

 their customers. About 8000 lbs. of cream are sold in two qualities, 

 the one at 100 ore per litre and the other at 45 ore per litre. 

 Whole milk is sold in sealed bottles at 15 ore per Htre, and in 

 half litre bottles at 7 ore, and skim milk at 4 ore per litre. The 

 bottles in which the milk is distributed cost 19 ore for litre size 

 and 6 (ire for half litre size. On inquiry it was ascertained that 

 about 400 bottles are broken per day ! 



The carters distributing the milk are held responsible for the 

 bottles, and in turn they look to customers to pay for any 

 bottles broken whilst in their possession. The wages paid to the 

 milk carters is 24| kroner per week (equal to 27s. 6d. sterling), 

 and a commission in addition according to the amount of sales ; 

 thus for every 10 kroner above 30 kroner of sales a commission 

 of 2 per cent, was allowed; for the next 10 kroner a commission 

 of 3 per cent. The wages of the women workers inside the 

 establishment, of whom there were a considerable number working 



