94 REPORT OF THE SCOTTISH COMMISSION 



divisions of the udder. The hands are now pressed towards each 

 other, and at the same time lifted towards the body of the cow. 

 This pressing and lifting is repeated three times, the milk collected 

 in the milk ducts is then drawn out, and the manipulation repeated 

 until no more milk is obtained in this way, when the left quarters 

 are treated in similar manner. 



Second. The glands are pressed together from the side. The 

 fore-quarters are milked each by itself by placing one hand with 

 fingers spread on the outside of the quarter, and the other hand 

 in the division, between the right and left fore-quarters ; the 

 hands are pressed against each other, and the teat then milked. 

 When no more milk is obtained by this manipulation, the hind- 

 quarters are milked by placing a hand on the outside of each 

 quarter, likewise with fingers spread and turned upward, but 

 with the thumb just in front of the hind-quarter. The hands are 

 lifted, and grasp into the gland from behind and from the side, 

 after which they are lowered to draw the milk. The manipulation 

 is repeated till no more milk is obtained. 



Third. The fore-teats are grasped with partly closed hands and 

 lifted with a push towards the body of the cow both at the same 

 time, by which method the glands are pressed between the hands 

 and the cow's body ; the milk is drawn after each three pushes. 

 When the fore-teats are emptied the hind ones are treated in a 

 similar manner. 



At the time of our visit there were seventeen Swedish students 

 attending specially for this milking instruction. 



Mr Hagelund, we are informed, has been engaged to give 

 instruction at other centres throughout the country. When we 

 think of the perfunctory manner in which too much of the milking 

 is performed in Scotland, and of the enormous loss that is thereby 

 incurred, the advantage of this or some similar system cannot be 

 too strongly commended. The process, as described, may to some 

 seem very elaborate and intricate, but in actual practice it seems 

 quite simple, and the cows in full milk were being milked by 

 Mr Hagelund in from six to eight minutes. It had long been 

 known by observant dairymen that the flow of milk from a cow 

 may be increased by slight gentle manipulation of the udder, but 

 no systematised method had been adopted or published till within 

 the past few years, when it was adopted in Denmark. Now we 

 find that it is being largely practised in Scandinavian dairies. 



Our American cousins, ever alive to the advantages of improved 

 methods, have had careful investigations conducted with a view to 

 test the efficiency of Hagelund's system of milking. In bulletin 

 No. 96 of the University of Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment 

 Station, Mr F. W. Woll gives detailed particulars of the investiga- 

 tion, and furnishes data regarding 142 different cows operated on, 

 and the amount of milk and butter fat obtained by combined clean 

 milking and use of the so-called manipulation method. 



The following is a summary of the investigation reported in the 

 bulletin referred to : — 



"I. The milking experiments conducted by the writer were 



