152 REPORT OF THE SCOTTISH COMMISSION 



during the hot season, we must admit that the sanitary condition 

 of the byres is of less moment than with us. If we ventured to 

 criticise we also found points to admire, such as the common custom 

 of bottling milk ; the feeding passage in front of the cows ; the 

 practice of having a constant flow of drinking water to the cow 

 stalls ; and the lavish use of ice. Ice is luckily both plentiful and 

 cheap costing only from 5s. to 6s. a ton. People in towns often 

 contract to have a lump supplied at their house every day through- 

 out the summer for a payment of 37s. or so. 



Sanitation 



In a new country where the farmer has to carry out all improve- 

 ments at his own charges, it is much easier to make sanitary re- 

 gulations than to enforce them. The broad principle acted upon 

 seems to be that cast-iron requirements as to buildings, etc., are much 

 better dispensed with, and that a great deal should be left to the 

 discretion of the City Medical Officer or Inspector. He has the 

 power if he sees fit, to debar any dairyman from selling his milk 

 within the city bounds. It does not appear however that his pro- 

 hibition will prevent the same milk from being used elsewhere or 

 sent to a factory. Such regulations as do exist are not the same 

 throughout the Dominion. As illustrating in a general way Canadian 

 methods, one or two points may be instanced from the Byelaws of 

 Calgary City. 



I. Milk Vendors in Calgary must be licensed, paying $2 a 



year, or if non-resident $8. 

 II. No license is granted till the Medical or other Health 

 Officer has seen and approved the dairy premises. 



III. The Officer can cancel this license at any time if he thinks 



proper. 



IV. Milk containing less than three per cent, of butter-fat, or 



less than a total of 11| per cent, of total solids must not 

 be sold. 

 V. Cream containing less than 18 per cent, of butter-fat must 



not be sold. 

 VI. A breach of IV. or V. on a first conviction may entail a loss 



of license and on a second conviction must do so. 

 VII. A license once lost cannot be renewed until at least six 

 months have passed. 



