ON AGRICULTURE TO CANADA 157 



which there were a number of corralls or pens, some of them roofed 

 for young stock in winter, others open and suitable for sorting 

 stock. Close at hand was the dipper or bath for cattle. The cattle 

 are first run into a big corrall, then a bunch out into a smaller 

 one immediately behind the dipping tank. Then, as they are re- 

 quired, they are caught in a squeezer which holds them ready to go 

 into the cage. Once in the cage, it is lowered by means of ropes and 

 pulleys into the bath, and the animal is immersed in the wash, 

 which consists of a solution of sulpliur and lime heated to between 

 105° F. and 1 10° F. To keep the bath at a proper temperature there 

 is a large furnace and boiler lying alongside and having pipes com- 

 municating with the bath. This seems a very drastic treatment, 

 but the cattle do not seem physically any the worse for it, and it 

 thoroughly eradicates mange. This disease is a very serious one, 

 as when the cattle lose their hair they cannot withstand the severity 

 of the winter and die off. Water for household and stock purposes 

 was pumped by a large windmill into a big tank situated below the 

 roof of the barn, from which it flowed by gravitation to where 

 wanted. 



While we were being shown over the buildings, the foreman had 

 brought in a bunch of horses to the yard ; a couple of these were 

 caught and harnessed up to a rig and we set off to see the stock. 

 First we went to see a small bunch of pure Hereford cattle. These 

 were generally of a very good short-legged type and there were some 

 outstanding cows among them. The calves were particularly good, 

 well-grown, fleshy and richly haired, everything that a calf should 

 be. Leaving them we drove across country to a big bunch of cattle 

 composed of all classes and ages, with the exception of yearlings, 

 which had been disposed of beforehand. The breeds represented 

 were Herefords, Shorthorns and Galloways. Before turning the 

 horses' heads homewards we had an opportunity of examining by the 

 shore of Crane Lake the horses and cattle on an adjoining ranch. 

 Thus we were able in a comparatively short time to see on their own 

 pastures many typical ranch cattle and something if not very much 

 of the romantic life of the cowboy which is passing away. 



