154 THE SEA. 



To the north and south of Sydney, the coast is a nearly unbroken range of iron- 

 bound cliffs. But as a vessel approaches the shore, a narrow entrance, between the two 

 " Heads " of Port Jackson, as they are called, discloses itself. It is nowhere greater 

 than a mile in width, and really does not appear so much, on account of the height of 

 the cliffs. On entering the harbour a fine sea-lake appears in view, usually blue and calm, 

 and in one of its charming inlets is situated the city of Sydney. " There is not," writes 

 Professor Hughes, "a more thoroughly English town on the face of the globe not even 

 in England itself than this southern emporium of the commerce of nations. Sydney is 

 entirely wanting in the novel and exotic aspect which belongs to foreign capitals. The 

 emigrant lands there, and hears his own mother tongue spoken on every side ; he looks around 

 upon the busy life of its crowded streets, and he gazes on scenes exactly similar to those 

 daily observable in the highways of London, Liverpool, Birmingham, or Manchester . . . 

 ( Were it not/ says Colonel Mundy, ' for an occasional orange-tree in full bloom, or fruit 

 in the background of some of the older cottages, or a flock of little green parrots whistling 

 as they alight for a moment on a house-top, one might fancy himself in Brighton or 

 Plymouth/ " * Gay equipages crowd its streets, which are lined with handsome shops; 

 the city abounds in fine public buildings. In the outskirts of the city are flour-mills of 

 all kinds, worked by horse, water, wind, and steam; great distilleries and breweries, soap 

 and candle works, tanneries, and woollen-mills, at the latter of which they turn out an 

 excellent tweed cloth. Ship-building is carried on extensively around Port Jackson. 

 Although now overshadowed by the commercial superiority of Melbourne, it has the pre- 

 eminence as a port. In fact, Melbourne is not a sea-port at all, as we shall see. Vessels 

 of large burdens can lie alongside the wharves of Sydney, and " Jack," in the Royal Navy 

 at least, is more likely to stop there for awhile, than ever to see Melbourne. He will find it a 

 cheap place in most respects, for everywhere in New South Wales meat is excessively low- 

 priced; they used formerly to throw it away, after taking off the hides and boiling out the 

 fat, but are wiser now, and send it in tins all over the world. Such fruits as the peach, 

 nectarine, apricot, plum, fig, grape, cherry, and orange are as plentiful as blackberries. 

 The orangeries and orchards of New South Wales are among its sights; and in the 

 neighbourhood of Sydney and round Port Jackson there are beautiful groves of orange- 

 trees, which extend in some places down to the water's edge. Individual settlers have 

 groves which yield as many as thirty thousand dozen oranges per annum. One may there 

 literally " sit under his own vine and fig-tree." If a peach-stone is thrown down in almost 

 any part of Australia where there is a little moisture, a tree will spring up, which in a 

 few years will yield handsomely. A well-known botanist used formerly to carry with 

 him, during extensive travels, a small bag of peach-stones to plant in suitable places, and 

 many a wandering settler has blessed him since. Pigs were formerly often fed on peaches, 

 as was done in California, a country much resembling Southern Australia ; it is only of 

 late years they have been utilised in both places by drying or otherwise preserving. A 

 basket-load may be obtained in the Sydney markets during the season for a few pence. 

 The summer heat of Sydney is about that of Naples, while its winter corresponds with 

 that of Sicily. 



* "The Australian Colonies: their Origin and Present Condition." 



