CONTENTS. Vll 



CHAPTER XXX. 



ON AN ICE-RAFT. 



PAGE 



A Floating Ice-Raft The Settlement Christmas in a New Position Terrible Storms Commotion under the Ice The 

 Floe breaks up House Ruined Water on the Floe A Spectre Iceberg Fresh Dangers and Deliverances 

 Drifted 1,100 Miles Resolution to Leave the Ice Open Water Ice again Tedious Progress Reach Illuidlek 

 Island Welcome at the Greenland Settlements -Home in Germany Voyage of the Germania Discovery of 

 Coal A New Inlet Home to Bremen 263 



CHAPTER XXXI. 



HALL'S EXPEDITION THE AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN EXPEDITION NORDENSKJOLD. 



Captain Hall's Expedition High Latitude Attained Open Water Seen Death of Hall The Polaris Beset An 

 Abandoned Party Six Months on a Floating Ice-floe Rescue Loss of the Steamer Investigation at Washington 

 The Austro-Hungarian Expedition The Tegethoff hopelessly Beset in. the Ice Two Long Weary Years- 

 Perils from the Ice Pressure Ramparts raised round the Ship The Polar Night Loss of a Coal-hut Attempts 

 to Escape A Grand Discovery Franz Josef Land Sledging Parties Gigantic Glaciers The Steamer 

 Abandoned Boat and Sledge Journey to the Bay of Downs -Prof. Nordenskjold's Voyage The North-Bait 

 Passage an accomplished Fact 268 



CHAPTER XXXII. 



THE ANTARCTIC REGIONS. 



Has the South Pole been Neglected ? The Antarctic even more Inhospitable than the Arctic The Antarctic 

 Summer Search for the Terra Australia TZsirlY Explorers Captain Cook's Discoveries Watering at Icebergs 

 The Southern Thule Smith's Report Weddell's Voyage Dead \Vlml e Mistaken for an Island D'Urville's 

 Adelie Land Wilkes Land Voyages of James Ross -High Land Discovered Deep Beds of Guano Antarctic 

 Volcanoes Mounts Erebus and Terror Victoria Land 276 



CHAPTER XXXIII. 



DECISIVE VOYAGES IN HISTORY. DIAZ COLUMBUS. 



An Important Epoch in the History of Discovery King John II. of Portugal and his Enterprises Diaz the Bold- 

 Ventures out to Sea Rounds the Cape Ignorant of the Fact The Cape of Storms King John re-christens it- 

 Columbus and the Narrative of his Son His Visit to Portugal Marriage An un-royal Trick Sends his 

 Brother to England His Misfortune Columbus in Spain A prejudiced and ignorant Report The One 

 Sensible Ecclesiastic Again Repulsed A Friend at Court -Queen Isabella Won to the Cause Departure of 

 the Expedition Out in the Broad Atlantic Murmurs of the Crews Signs of Land Disappointment Latent 

 Mutiny -Land at Last -Discovery of St. Salvador Cuba Natives Smoking the Weed Utopia in Hispaniola 

 Columbus Wrecked Gold Obtained First Spanish Settlement Homeward Voyage Storms and Vows Arrival 

 in Europe Triumphant Reception at Barcelona 281 



CHAPTER XXXIV. 



DECISIVE VOYAGES IN HISTORY. COLUMBUS VASCO DA GAMA. 



Columbus and his Enemies Unsuitable Settlers Outrageous Conduct of the Colonists The Second Expedition of 

 Columbus Discovery of Jamaica Dangerous Illness of Columbus Return to Spain The Excitement over 

 Difficulty of Starting a New Expedition Third Voyage Columbus reaches the Mainland of America Insurrection 

 in Hispaniola Machinations at Home Columbus brought to Spain in Chains Indignation in Spain His Fourth 

 Voyage Ferdinand's Ingratitude Death of the Great Navigator Estimate of his Character Vasco da Gama 

 First Voyage The Cape reached First Sight of India At Calicut Friendship of the King of Cananore Great 

 Profits of the Expedition Second Voyage Vengeance on the Ruler of Calicut His Brutality Subsequent History 

 of Da Gama ; 294 



CHAPTER XXXV. 



THE COMPANIONS AND FOLLOWERS OF COLUMBUS. 



The Era of Spanish Discovery Reasons for its Rapid Development -Ojeda's First Voyage Fighting the Caribs Indians 

 and Cannon Pinzon's Discovery of Brazil A Rough Reception Bastides the Humane A New Calamity Ships 

 leaking like Sieves Economical Generosity of King Ferdinand Ojeda's Second Voyage The disputed Strong-Box 

 Ojeda Entrapped Swimming in Irons Condemned Abroad Acquitted at Home A Triumphant Client, but a 

 Ruined Man A Third Voyage Worthy La Cosa Rival Commanders A Foolish Challenge 300 



CHAPTER XXXVI. 



THE COMPANIONS AND FOLLOWERS OF COLUMBUS (concluded). 



Nicuesa and the Duns of San Domingo Indian Contempt for a Royal Manifesto La Cosa's Advice Disregarded 

 Ojeda's Impetuosity A Desperate Fight Seventy Spaniards Killed La Cosa's Untimely End Ojeda found 

 Exhausted in the Woods A Rival's Noble Conduct Avenged on the Indians A New Settlement Ojeda's Charm 

 fails A Desperate Remedy In Search of Provisions Wrecked on Cuba A Toilsome March Kindly Natives 

 Ojeda's Vow Redeemed Dies in Abject Poverty The Bachelor Enciso and Balboa Smuggled on Board in a Tub 

 Leon and his Search for the Fountain of Youth Discovery of Florida Magellan Snubbed at Home Warmly 

 Seconded by the Spanish Emperor His Resolute Character Discovery of the Straits His Death The First 

 Yoyage round the World Captain Cook's Discoveries His Tragical Death Vancouver's Island . . . .308 



