CONTENTS xvii 



10. The Handling of the Planting Material 369 



11. The Pruning of the Planting Material 369 



12. Conditions under which Pruning Is Desirable 370 



13. Injuries from Pruning 370 



14. Other Factors which Influence the Quality of the Planting 



Material 371 



15. The Planting Season 372 



16. Winter Planting 373 



17. Summer Planting 373 



18. Autumn Planting 373 



19. Spring Planting 375 



20. Spacing Methods 376 



21 . Irregular Spacing 376 



22. Regular and Semi-regular Spacing 377 



23. Advantages of Regular Spacing 377 



24. Methods of Regular Spacing 378 



25. Methods of Semi-regular Spacing 379 



26. The Number of Plants per Acre 381 



27. Planting Rules of General Application 383 



28. Depth of Setting the Roots and the Downward Desiccation of 



the Surface Soil 384 



29. Bad Effects of Planting with the Collar of the Tree too deep in 



the Soil 385 



30. Bad Effects from Bending or Crowding the Roots in Planting. . 387 



31. The Advantages of Mound or Ridge Planting on Overwet Sites 



and under Certain Other Adverse Soil Conditions 389 



32. The Advantages of Pit or Trench Planting on Overdry Sites. . . 390 



33. Bad Effects of Poor Soil about the Roots of Newly Set Plants . 390 



34. The Advantages of Planting in Deep Notches on Steep Slopes. 391 



35. Conditions under which More Than One Plant May Be Set in 



a Planting Hole 392 



36. Erect Planting and the Necessity for Firming the Soil about 



the Roots . 392 



37. Advantages in Using Small Planting Material 393 



38. The Necessity for Pruning Young Trees before Planting 393 



39. The Use of Layers 394 



40. Planting Root Suckers 395 



41. Planting Root Cuttings 396 



42. Planting Shoot Cuttings 396 



CHAPTER XVII 

 ESTABLISHING FORESTS BY PLANTING (Continued) 



1. Planting Operations: Technique and Methods 400 



2. Classification of Planting Methods 400 



3. Planting with the Roots Enclosed in a Ball of Earth 401 



4. Lifting Balled Stock 402 



