MAMMALS 49 



erect social beings which constituted the principal races of 

 mankind. This might be suggested as the origin of the three 

 principal human races the Caucasian, the Negroid, and the 

 Mongolian. In this case the Gorilla and Chimpanzee may be 

 descended from the same stem as the Negro, or from a 

 species closely allied to the simian ancestor of the Negro. It 

 is well known that the gorilla in his young immature condi- 

 tion resembles the negro more than he does when adult, and 

 this renders it possible that the gorilla has diverged from man 

 in the course of his evolution. On this theory the fact that 

 the beard, moustache, and whiskers are fully developed in 

 the Caucasian race and not in the others would be explained 

 by the fact that the simian ancestor of this race had them, 

 while the ancestral forms of the other two races were almost 

 destitute of them. The Orang might be a somewhat degene- 

 rate existing descendant of the simian ancestor of the Cauca- 

 sian type, or, at any rate, might be allied to the ancestral form 

 which has long been extinct. "The forehead of the orang 

 is high and erect, not retreating like that of the chimpanzee. 

 The end of the nose, further removed from the eyes than is 

 generally the case in the chimpanzee, is not so broad as it is 

 in the latter animal and in the gorilla." * Whether there 

 is any reason to suggest a corresponding affinity for the 

 Mongolian type I am unable to say. 



The above speculations arise from the idea that the special 

 development of the beard, etc., as a secondary sexual character 

 is due to the stimulation of the growth of the hair by teeth 

 or hands in the combats of mature males. It is unlikely that 

 men should fight in the way suggested after they had reached 

 even the stage of evolution known to us in the lowest exist- 

 ing savages, for then they seem always to fight with weapons. 

 The fact, however, that even among civilised nations fighting 

 of men with hands and teeth is not unknown, and that 



1 Hartmann, Anthropoid Apes, Internat. Sci. Series, London, 1885, p. 37. 



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