INSECTS 235 



to the fore wing, (3) a white central region on the hind wing. 

 The commonest form is the combination of (1) and (2). The 

 second form combines (1), (2), and (3) alcippus. Take away 

 (2) and (3) and we have the form which is brownish yellow 

 nearly all over the wings Klugii. Add to this the white on 

 the hind wing and we have the combination of (1) and (3) 

 dorippus. Or, to put the matter in another way, we have in 

 the first place two forms of D. chrysippus, one which is 

 brownish yellow with a black and white patch at the apex of 

 the fore wing, one which is brownish yellow without the black 

 and white patch. Each of these forms also occurs with 

 white on the hind wings, and thus we get the four varieties. 

 The female of Hypolimnas misippus presents similar 

 variations. 



Of the four varieties of Danais chrysippus only two occur 

 in India, namely, the two without the white on the hind 

 wings, the typical form, and var. Klugii. In Africa all four 

 forms occur, each one being characteristic of a different 

 region. At Aden all four forms occur together, and inter- 

 breeding. At Aden also all four forms occur in the females 

 of Hypolimnas misippus ; in India the two varieties of this 

 occur corresponding to the two forms of the Danais. In 

 Africa there is evidence that each form of the Danais is not 

 accompanied in its own region exclusively by the corre- 

 sponding form of the Hypolimnas, but rather that the ordinary 

 form of the latter merely shows in some specimens approxi- 

 mations to the variety of the Danais. 



Now we have to consider the evidence concerning habits 

 and conditions, which in this case is by no means sufficient 

 for my purpose. The authorities do not give a detailed 

 account of the habits of the various forms, and I can only 

 refer to casual remarks which suggest that important differ- 

 ences really exist. Colonel Swinhoe states that the male of 

 H. misippus is far more active on the wing than the female, 



