CHAPTER VI. METHODS OF TREATMENT. 



34. Classification of methods. 



THE methods of treatment that we now have to consider may 

 be roughly classified as follows : 



'Permanent /' [Simple coppice 



Coppice system { 



(Coppice-with-standards 



TT- u t (Even-aged 



High-forest system i,,. 

 V (Mixed ages 



(Conversions 

 ^Provisional (Improvement. 



35. Simple coppice. 



In simple coppice the working-plan is of the simplest descrip- 

 tion, and consists in dividing the area of the working-circle, or 

 of a felling-series forming a subdivision of the working-circle, 

 into as many equal or equiproductive areas as there are years in 

 the coppice rotation. One annual area is then cut each year in 

 rotation. The number of years chosen as rotation depends on the 

 size of produce required, and on silvicultural considerations. 

 A few simple rules for the fellings will generally be drawn up 

 in order to prescribe the manner of cutting the underwood and 

 the season of cutting it. The rotation being short, generally 

 between ten and twenty years, there will be no need as a rule 

 for tending operations, but -if, for instance, a cleaning at mid- 

 rotation is thought desirable, in order to protect any seedling 

 plants that may appear on the ground or for any other purpose, 

 a prescription to this effect will be inserted. 



The yield being determined by area, there will be no need to 

 estimate the possibility in volume. During the first rotation 

 there will probably be some irregularities to be faced. Some 

 coupes may have to be felled when they are a few years older or 

 younger than the proper age, but the main thing is to establish 



