Reproduction. Moderately prolific with full seed years at in- 

 tervals of several years. Flowers appear in May. Germination percent 

 and vitality low. 



Range. Nova Scotia to Ontario, Wisconsin south to Texas. 

 Tree of low to medium altitudes. 



Climate. Medium to severe. 



Soil. Grows well in good, but prefers deep, rich, well drained loam. 

 Mesophytic. 



Association. Often forms nearly pure forests; also mixed with 

 hard maple, oak and yellow birch. 



General. Of little importance. It was 15th in the Canadian cut 

 of 1912, forming 0.3% of the total, with an average mill price of $15.45. 



CASTANEA DENTATA, Marsh. 

 Chestnut. 



Size. 60 to 80 ft. by 2 to 4 ft. Maximum 100 ft. by 6 ft. 



Growth. Rapid and medium sustained. Studies in Maryland 

 and Tennessee showed growths of 10 inches in 45 to 54 years, and 20 

 inches in 103 to 118 years. 



Root System. Heart. 



Bole. Slight taper. 



Crown. Spreading. 



Tolerance. Rather intolerant. 



Wood. Moderately soft and strong; very durable; 28 pounds. 



Reproduction. Not very prolific. Flowers in June and July. 

 Germination percent low and vitality small. Very little reproduction 

 from seed occurs, but it sprouts vigorously from the stumps, and the 

 stumps have great vitality. 



Range. Maine to Ontario and Michigan, southward to Delaware, 

 and along the mountains to northern Alabama and Mississippi. Opti- 

 mum in Pennsylvania and south. 



Soil. Prefers fertile, well drained, gravelly or rocky soil on bottoms 

 and slopes. Mesophytic. 



Association. Occurs in pure stands and mixed with other hard- 

 woods. 



General. It is highly prized for posts and poles and for tanning 

 extract, but is nearly exhausted in Canada. In 1912 it formed less than 

 0.1% of the total cut, at an average mill value of $22.26 per thousand. 

 In 1910 it ranked 13th in the U.S. lumber cut with over J billion feet or 

 1.3% of the total at an average mill price of $16.23 per thousand. It also 

 ranked fourth for cross ties with over 5% of the total, and second to 

 cedar for poles, with over 17% of the total. 



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