In the United States in 1910, they ranked third in the total cut and 

 first in the hardwood cut with a production of over 3J billion feet at an 

 average mill price of $18.76 per thousand. They also furnished over 

 68 million ties, or over 46% of the total, and 265,000 poles, or about 7% 

 of the total. 



QUERCUS ALBA, L. 

 White Oak. 



Size. 60 to 100 ft. by 2 to 4 ft. 



Growth. Rapid, but only medium sustained. Growth in Ten- 

 nessee of 132 trees was 10 inches in 107 years, 15 inches in 152 years, and 

 20 inches in 192 years. 



Root System. Tap with strong side roots. 



Bole. Cylindrical. 



Crown. Spreading. 



Tolerance. Intolerant; fairly tolerant in early life. 



Wood. Heavy, very hard, strong, tough, durable; 44 pounds. 



Reproduction. Not prolific; annual seed years; flowers in May 

 and ripens in September and October. Seeds are edible acorns of medium 

 vitality and medium germination percent. 



Range. Southern Maine to southern Quebec and Ontario, south 

 to Florida, and west to Minnesota, Kansas and Texas.' 



Climate. Mild. 



Soil. Prefers a deep, rich, well drained soil, but grows in more or 

 less scrubby form on light sandy soils. 



Association. Mixed with other hardwoods. 



General. Most valuable of the oaks. 



QUERCUS MACROCARPA, Michx. 

 Mossycup Oak. Bur Oak. 



Size. Average 80 to 90 ft. by 3 to 4 ft. Maximum 170 ft. by 7 ft. 

 Growth. Fairly rapid, about the same as white oak. Medium 

 persistence. 



Root System. Tap. 



Bole. Medium taper. 



Crown. Spreading. 



Tolerance. Intolerant but less so than red or white oak. 



Wood. Heavy, hard, very strong, durable; 45 pounds. 



43 



