ULMUS AMERICANA, L. 

 White Elm. American Elm. 



Size. 50 to 110 ft. by 1 to 8 ft. 



Growth. Medium and fairly persistent. Studies in Missouri 

 showed growths of 10 inches in 60 years and 15 inches in 100 years. 



Root System. Heart. 



Crown. Spreading fan-like. 



Tolerance. Intolerant. 



Wood. Hard, strong, fairly heavy, tough, not durable; 34 pounds. 



Reproduction. A prolific annual seeder flowering in March and 

 April, and seed ripening in May and June. Seed small, light, winged; 

 germination percent and vitality low. 



Range. From Newfoundland to South Dakota and south through 

 western Nebraska to Texas. Prefers low situations. 



Soil. Rich, well drained soils. Mesophytic. 



Association. Grows sparingly in mixture with oaks, ashes, syca- 

 mores, yellow poplars and other hardwoods. 



General. Widely used where strong, tough, fibrous, but not durable 

 wood is required. 



ULMUS THOMASI, Sarg. 



ULMUS RACEMASI, Thomas. 



Rock Elm. Cork Elm. 



Size. Average 50 to 75 ft. by 2 ft. Maximum 100 ft. by 3 ft. 



Growth. Medium and fairly persistent. 



Root System. Heart. 



Crown. Spreading. 



Tolerance. Intolerant. 



Wood. Heavy, hard, very strong and tough; the strongest of the 

 elms; 45 pounds. 



Reproduction. Flowers in April; germination percent and seed 

 vitality small. 



Range. From Quebec through Ontario and New York to Michigan 

 and west to Nebraska. 



Soil. Dry, gravelly uplands, rocky slopes, low heavy clay soils. 

 Xerophytic. 



Association. Solitary or mixed with maple, white and red oak, ash, 

 poplar, and basswood. 



General. Small use in Canada because it is nearly exhausted ; used 

 for agricultural implements, trees, hubs, etc. 



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