In the total stumpage of the U.S. it ranks second only to Douglas 

 fir, and is estimated at 275 billion feet board measure, or 11% of the total. 

 In 1910 it was sixth in rank and supplied nearly 4% of the total lumber 

 cut. For cross ties it was eighth in rank and supplied over 3% of the 

 total. 



The silvicultural treatment recommended by the U.S. Forest 

 Service for both pure stands and mixture with Douglas fir and larch is 

 (1) natural reproduction with seed tree or strip cutting, and (2) artificial 

 reproduction by clear cutting and planting, or seed spot sowing. 



PINUS CONTORTA, Loudon. 

 Lodgepole Pine. 



Size. Very variable; averages 50 ft. by 10 in.; maximum 100 ft. 

 by 3 ft. 



Growth. Rate medium and only briefly sustained. 47 trees in 

 the Crow's Nest Pass, Alberta, grew to 8 inches in diameter in 40 years, 

 and 10 inches in 65 years; in New Denver, B.C., 36 trees took 70 and 94 

 years respectively. 



Root System. Tap. 



Bole. Little taper. 



Crown. Non-spreading. 



Tolerance. Intolerant throughout life. 



Reproduction. Production of seed prolific; begins as early as 

 the fifth year and is annual. The cones ripen late in August or in 

 September; some open at once and shed seeds gradually; others not until 

 the thirteenth year. Cones open normally by drying out, not by fire. 

 Seed is small, winged and light. Germination percent medium; vitality 

 great. Best seed bed is exposed mineral soil after a fiiv. 



Range. From Alaskan coast to northern California and east to 

 the prairies, occurring on both slopes of the Rocky Mountains. Alti- 

 tudes from sea-level to 11,000 feet. 



Climate. Wide range; in general, dry and cold. 



Soil. Inhabits usually medium and poor gravelly and sandy soils. 

 Requires less moisture than Douglas fir and Engdmann spruce. 



Association. Usually occurs gregariously. Sometimes it forms 

 a mixture with Douglas fir and Kni;clni;mn spruce or both. Common in 

 reproduction after burns with poplars. 



General. The commercial importance in Canada is great from the 

 standpoint of local supply for mining timlu-r, etc. B.C. in 1912 cut 3 

 million feet board measure; average price $14.94. In U.S. lodgepole 

 pine is estimated at 90 billion feet board measure, or 3.6% of the total 

 stumpage. 



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