1890.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 4. 117 



them so generally using, viz., hay and corn meal, both of 

 their own raisino- ; thou2:h this would seem on first thousjht 

 to be a very one-sided and unphilosophical ration. 



What has been said may be summed up as follows : The 

 farmer should raise as much as possible of what he feeds ; 

 he should determine by careful figuring what crops are most 

 economical for him to raise, and not leave this important 

 point to guess-work. He should use soiling crops so far as 

 they may be necessary to keep up the flow of milk, since the 

 cows should under no conditions be allowed to shrink any 

 more than is natural before going to the barn for the winter. 

 They should stand in the stanchions every night in the year. 

 They should be fed twice a day, and watered once. Instead 

 of paying out money for warming water, spend the same 

 amount, or more if necessary, in making the stable warm. 

 The feed given should be healthy, the animal should be com- 

 fortable, the feed relished ; it should not be too bulky, and 

 should be given properly proportioned, attention being 

 given in this last regard to the condition of the farm, 

 nearness to market, etc. He who will conscientiously 

 carry out these details, and bring to his work the same 

 business methods and care as are used in other callings, 

 will never need complain that " farming does not pay." 



The Chairmax. I notice quite a number in the audience 

 who are milkmen and dairymen in this and the surrounding 

 towns. It must be that many questions have sprung up in your 

 minds that you would like to have the lecturer answer. 

 You are now invited to put any questions. We have only 

 about an hour, and I hope you will start the wheel rolling, 

 so that Professor Cooke will be able to improve the time as 

 far as he can. 



QuESTiox. He feeds twice a day ; why does he not water 

 twice a day? 



Professor Cooke. I suppose there are some herds which 

 will take water twice a day. I have been at some places 

 where they watered twice a day, and I was told that the 

 animals drank well both times, — night and morning. In 

 those cases I found that they were fed entirely dry feed. Now, 

 you will notice that I have recommended that the feed be 



