1890.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 4. 153 



reason why we have so many poor farmers is because they 

 will not buy good stock. If they would procure good 

 animals in the first place, and breed from those, there would 

 not be so many poor farmers to-day in the country. These 

 good animals are just the ones that we poor farmers should 

 buy. 



Mr. Fitch. This talk has all turned upon butter for the 

 last fifteen minutes. I would like to ask the gentleman this 

 question. Suppose you had two kinds of milk, one of them 

 having eight per cent of cream and the other having sixteen 

 per cent of cream, which of those two kinds of milk would 

 you take if you were going to raise calves, or for use on 

 your table ? 



Mr. Douglas. As a practical fact, the butter element of 

 milk will kill calves. You have got to take out a part of 

 that butter element to have calves thrive upon it. I would 

 have a medium amount of caseine and solids as compared 

 with butter. I have cows whose milk I would not give to 

 young calves ; I would not even let their own calves drink 

 it ; it would soon kill them. • 



Mr. J. T. Everett of Princeton. I have raised two or 

 three times within twenty, years calves that came from cows 

 which were excellent animals both for butter and milk, but 

 the calves made worthless cows. What is the solution of 

 that problem? From the nature of all animals, the human 

 animal as well as others, we suppose that traits are developed 

 in the children which the parents had. Now, I solved it in the 

 last case to which I referred, by supposing that, although 

 the cow was good, the bull was worthless. I think that 

 was the case in the other instances where I tried to breed a 

 superior butter or milch cow from a very excellent mother, 

 and the animal proved to be worthless. How much does the 

 essayist depend upon that factor for grading-up animals ? 



Mr. Douglas. I thought I brought that out with sufficient 

 definiteness, when I said that good and bad qualities will 

 remain dormant, and then crop out after several generations. 

 There is a point which it is easy to test when it is necessary. 

 Have no favoritism about it. Most farmers who have calves 

 from superior cows keep them because the mothers are so 

 good. Never do that. The animal that I spoke of that 



